Basic Principles
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Item Technical terms associated with the concept of bala: A Literature review(International Conference on Unani, Ayurveda, Siddha and Traditional Medicine (5th ICAUST). Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, 2017) Kaldera, H.P.I.J.; Samaratunga, U.; Jayawardane, K.B.Bala is a broad concept in Ayurveda which includes Thvidhabala namely Sahaja, Kala)a and each of which depends on many factors such as the nature of Sukra and mother's food habit during pregnancy, Desa and Käla of birth. variations of Tridosa, food habit and nature of the function of .4gni of the individual and age (Bä/a- Madhya-Vrddha). This study was carried out to analyze definitions for Bala and other related terms from Ayurvedic perspective on the basis of a literature review. Carakasamhitå. Sushrutasamhitä, Astäfigahrdayasarilhitä and their commentaries ( 77kä) were used as the sources in this study. The basic meaning of Bala is strength or power. Acårya Caraka has explained Bala as both repressive and preventive in its function against ailments Further, he has recommended the interpretation of Baia according to vvä_vümaiakti which is determined by weight lifting, etc. Carakasarilhitå recommends the examination of both Säririka and Mänasika Bola of the individual in terms of Sara, Sahrhanana, Sätmva. Satna, etc. In the diagnosis and treatment process. These Ayurveda Acaryas use the tenn •Bala' in its unique sense and therefore, its derivations should be defined precisely in order to interpret the associated concepts. These words referred to as 'Svasahj/iä' by both Carakäcaryu and Sushrutäcarya require subjective interpretations so as to comprehend the concept of Bala in its true sense. For instance. Balaparik'ä should be contextually interpreted in terms of Särfr•ikabala, Mänasikabala of the patient and Rogabala. The concept of Bala during the examination of patient (Rogiparikyä) has been viewed in slightly distinct ways by different Acaryas. Aearyl Sushruta has used the term 'Bala' to be interpreted in terms of individual's stature of the body (Kriaslhldädihheda), However, Acarya Caraka holds a different opinion stating that the individual's strength of body (Dehaba/a) cannot be determined on the basis of stature alone. He further states that the physician is likely to he misled if he treats a person with a fat body as having higher strength (Balava') and vice versa. A number of such terms including Balya, Balalut, Balakrt, DanrbaOu, Durba/a, Alpaba/a, Ba/abhrari"a, Balavrddhikara and Agniba/a were chosen for providing precise definitions in this Study. It can be concluded that Bala has a meaning spreading through a vast range which should be defined from the perspective of Ayurveda in its context.Item Clinical Study of a selected indegenous decoction (Rathulunu kalan 06) in the management of Raktarsas (bleeding piles).(Pandit G.P. Wickramarachchi Memorial International Research Symposium 2012, 2012) Kaldera, H.P.I.J.; Pushpakumara, A.A.J.Hemorrhoids are the enlarged, bulging veins in the rectum. The main causes for this disease are the bad food habits and health habits of the people. It is recorded that 4% of the world's population are suffering from the hemorrhoids. Blccding from rectum, anal itching, occasional pain, burning sensation arc the common symptoms of the hemorrhoids. According to Ayurvedic Medicine; bleeding piles are called 'Raklarsas'. This decoction mentioned in "Desheeya Cikitsa Samgrahaya". This clinical study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the above decoction in the management Of Raktarsas. Analyzed 30 Cases Of Rakrarsas in people, between 20 to 70 of age , who had complained of bleeding from rectum, constipation. burning sensation and pain in the rectum. They wcrc equally and randomly put into two groups; "Group A" and "Group B". ne "GroupA" was treated with 120ml of the selected decoction twice a day, 30ml Of the mixture Of Abhayarishla and Danthyarishla twice a day after the meal, 30g Of Sukumarachoorna With 240m' Of warm water before bed time and the external application Of the Sarvavishadi oil on the hemorrhoids twice a day for 3 weeks while the "Group B" was given the above prescription without the decoction. The effectiveness of the selected decoction was evaluated on the basis of clinical data. The results of thc trcatmcnt wcrc calculated by using the P-value. Statistically more significant results were observed in Group A than in Group B. According to this clinical study it was revealed that the selected decoction is one of the most effective treatments for Raktarsas.Item Ayurvedic interpretation to oedema caused by inflammation (śvayathu) with special reference to Charakasamhita: review(1st International Conference on Unani, Ayurveda, Siddha and Traditional Medicine. Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, 2013) Wewalwala, S.L.; Kaldera, H.P.I.J.This survey was based on the main authentic text Caraka samhita and the aim was to obtain a clear picture about the inflammatory process in the Ayurvedic perspective. Objectives Were to differentiate the terms Sotha, Svayathu and Sopha and to finalize a graphical interpretation on inflammatory process in the Ayurvedic point of view. Data were collected regarding previously mentioned terms and categorized them under different topics. After comparing them each other it was able to differentiate above terms and finalize the interpretation. Inflammation is a part of the complex biological response Of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli. The cardinal signs of the inflammation are pain, heat, redness, swelling and loss Of function in the affected part. Oedema is an abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid beneath the skin or cavities of the body and it is clinically shown as swelling. Explaining the pathogenesis Of Svayathu, Carakasamhita describes when kapha (fluid), asnk (blood) and pitta (chemical mediators) enter the external vessels (external channels of circulation) and manifested, they afflict väyu (electrical activity) located there. As a result then that väyu leads the spreading of above factors outside to the nearby areas causing oedema characterized by swelling. Carakasamhita elaborates that usma (heat) davathu (burning sensation) sirär_läm äyäma (dilatation Of the vessels) as premonitory signs and symptoms Of Svayathu. Further it describes heaviness, variability, swelling, rise in temperature, thinning of vessels, horripilation and discoloration of the skin over the limbs as the signs and symptoms in general. In the categories according to the place, the characteristics of different kinds of Syathu and the prognosis also. It has elaborated that sometimes oedema is localised in a particular part or organ of the body and these are of innumerable types depending upon their locations, tissue elements involed, shape and nomenclatures. This might be the first lesson in pathology which we could ever firid precisely in the human history.Item A review on formulae used for Rankirikatagema in Sri Lankan Traditional Medicine(1st International Symposium on Traditional Medicine. Graduate Studies Division, Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute, 2014) Peiris, R.M.; Kaldera, H.P.I.J.; Hansini, K.G.D.M.Indigenous system of medicine in Sri Lanka has many specialized branches according to different traditional family lines. Balaroga is one such division that specializes in neonatal nutrition, treatment for abnormalities of breast milk, diseases arising from unpurified breast milk and Graha Dosha. There are many methods mentioned in the indigenous system of medicine to ensure healthy growth and development of a child. There are many rituals and practices to be performed immediately after the birth of a child until the child reaches all the landmarks of growth and development. "Rankirikatagama " is a special custom performed on neonates. In Ayurveda, it is known as "Swarnapräshana ". Traditional Ayurveda method of Swarnaprashana, as the name suggests, uses gold together with ghee. This combination is administrated expecting immunity enhancement and improving intellect. Thalpate Piltyam series mentions a formula used in Traditional system of medicine for Rankiri Katagama. This fomula consists of Viyali kaha (Curcuma longa Linn.) Vada kaha (Acorus calamus Linn.), Aralu (Terminalia chebula), Iluk kola (Imperata arundinacea), Iramusu (Hemidesmus indicus), Bamithiriya (Baccopa monniera Linn.), Bee's honey and ghee. A study was carried out to determine the reasonability' of using the above formula expecting the outcomes of rankirikatagama. The overall properties of the formula were analyzed according to the properties of their ingredients. The formula was found to have 29.41% madhura and tikta as the predominant Rasa, 57% Snigdha guna, 70% Madura vipaka. According to the medicinal values of the ingredients, the formula had memory and intellect enhancing properties. Moreover, the formula was found to be antiseptic, beneficial for the skin and immunity enhancing. The ingredients contained antioxidants and other nutrients. The study revealed that this formula has properties similar to that of Ayurvedic combination used for swarnapröshana, hence it can be given to neonates expecting similar effect.Item A review on pharmacological activities and medicinal properties of Vitex negundo(8th International Research Conference. General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, 2015) Kaldera, H.P.I.J.; Wewalwala, S.L.; Rasingolla, S.K.Vitex negundo which belongs to Verbenaceae family is a commonly used plant in both Ayurveda and traditional medicine system in Sri Lanka. It is also known as the 'Nika' in sin,hala and 'Nirgundi' in sanskrit. This review aims to provide an overview on Pharmacological activities and medicinal properties of Vitex negundo. The information is collected from authentic Ayurveda texts, scientific journals and electronic media. According to Ayurvedic texts, leaves and roots of Vitex negundo are mostly used. According to Ayurveda pharmacological properties of Vitex negundo tikto, katu and kashaya in rasa, laghu and ruksha in guna, ushna in veerya and katu in vipoka exist. Other medicinal properties are kapha- vatahara, shathahara, vrunashodhana, vrunaropana, keshya, janthugna, medya, kasahara, kushtagna, kandugno, jwaragna, balya, rasayona and chakshusya. Therapeutically it can be used for fever, ear diseases, skin diseases, diseases Of the genito- urinary system and diseases of the respiratory system. Anti-inflammatory activity, Pain suppressing activity, Anti-histamine activity, Membrane stabi!ising activity, Antioxidant activity, Anti- itching activity, Anti-nephrotoxic activity, Antiradical and Anti- /ipoperoxidative effects, Anxio/ytic effect, Alpho- amylase inhibitory activity, Larvicida,' activity, Anti- conulsant activity, Anti-nociceptive activity. Anti-bacterial activity and Anti- microbial activity of Vitex negundo have been scientifically proven. The present review attempts to encompass an up to date comprehensive literature analysis on Vitex negundo with respect to its pharmacological activities and medicinal properties.Item A Comparative study on terminology used in explanations of Pañcamahābhuta and Saptadhātu Siddhānta,(2nd International Conference on Sanskrit Studies (ICSS 2017), Department of Sanskrit and Eastern Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, 2017) Kaldera, H.P.I.J.; Samaratunga, U.; Jayawardane, K.B.Terminology used in Ayurveda medical science has its own peculiar interpretations. These temls cannot be sufficiently comprehended through general dictionary meanings. P!lhivi, ap, reja, •.üyu, äküia are commonly used terminology Of rasa, rakfa, medha. asrhi, maffåand are those of Sapradhä,'usiddhän/a. The objective of this study is to comparatively review this lerminology on the basis of their Ayurvedic interpretations and the usage in current research papers. Twenty research parxrs containg these terms were downloaded from the Google scholar for this study while Carakasamhitä, Susrurasab'hi.'ä, Asrä'jgahrdayasamhitü and their commentaries (Jiküs) were used as reference texts. The results revealed that terminology related to Paicomahäbhfitaprinciple such as Puhivi, up, teja, l@vu, åkåürhave been substituted with common English equivalents: Prihivi as earth, earth principle. etc; ap as water, water principles, etc; teja as fire, heat, energy, etc; väyu as air, air principle, äkä'a as space, ether, etc. Similarly, terminolog_v relating to Sap'adhün,' principle has been replaced with a considerable range of English translation: rasa as skin, chyle. lymph, etc; rakta as blood. må'hsa as muscles. protein, meda as fat. adipose tissues, etc; asrhi as bone, bone tissues. etc: majjé as marrow. nervous system, as semen. reproductive fluid, etc. Some researchers had used the English equivalent within brackets in its first occurrence in the research paper while some others had used the English word in the body of the research paper while the terminology was used within brackets. There were also some research papers where only terminology had been used. The research • further revealed that the common equivalents used as substitutes to terminology do not accurately convey the intended concepts.Item A review on pharmacological activities and medicinal properties of Vitex negundo(General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka, 2015) Kaldera, H.P.I.J.; Wewalwala, S.L.; Rasingolla, S.K.Item A survey on animal origin materials used in indigenous medicine in Sri Lanka with special reference to Thalpate Piliyam(University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka, 2015) Kaldera, H.P.I.J.; Wewalwala, S.L.Item A survey on the measuring system used in the manufacturing process of Guli (Herbal Pills) in the Indigenous medicine with special reference to Vatika Prakarana(Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka, 2014) Peiris, R.M.; Kaldera, H.P.I.J.; Wewalwala, S.L.; Hansini, K.G.D.M.