NRCASS 2018
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Item Age Group and Financial Literacy Rate; Based On Wewala West GN Division(4th National Research Conference on Applied Social Statistics, Social Statistics Students’ Association, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Perera, P. G. T. N.Financial decision making is an integral part of daily life of people. Most of financial decisions are made as own decision without advise of financial specialists. Financial literacy has direct impact on financial decision making. In present society there are some troubles with lack of financial literacy. According to the previous literature in many countries, one can identify various factors are affecting to financial literacy rate. Main objective of this study is identifying the age group which is highly financial literate in Sri Lankan context. As well as identifying the other factors affected to financial literacy rate. This study was selected 300 households using simple random sampling technique as the sample from 1442 number of households in the Wewala West GN division which is the population of this study. Here only used primary data for research purposes and they were collected through structured questionnaire which designed as three main parts according to collect qualitative data. Questionnaire contained basically 2 parts as demographic data and financial literacy data. For the analysis purposes analytical tools that validity analysis, frequency analysis, factor analysis, weighted average, chi square test and also one way ANOVA have used for analysis part of this study. Study was constructed index for financial literacy is between 0 - 5.02. Using these index values categorized people two categories as high and low financial literate using the median value of index. This study find that gender, household’s monthly income, education level, sector of job and age category are significantly affecting factor for the financial literacy rate while race is not significantly affect to financial literacy rate. Education level and age are the most important factors among the affected factors. And also this study finds that there is a different between age groups on financial literacy rate and people between age 36-50 and also above 60 groups are significantly have high level of financial literacy rateItem Analysis on Using Colour Psychology in Political Communication(4th National Research Conference on Applied Social Statistics, Social Statistics Students’ Association, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Perera, U.L.H.D.“Communication” is a Latin word which means “to share”. When simply describes it means sending and receiving information between two or more people. It includes the sharing of ideas, concepts, imaginations, behaviours and written content. There are three major steps in communication. Those are as, thought, encoding and decoding. The thought means, the subject of the information which is in senders mind. When the idea or the concept go through as a verbal or written message for another person then it define as encoding. After the message is received by the receiver, he/she read it and understands it. He may translate the information to better understand it. So decoding refers to the interpretation of information from the perspective of the receiver. There are two types in communication as verbal and non-verbal. Verbal communication means sharing information through speech. Non-verbal communication means, sharing ideas between two without using words. Non –verbal communication includes with eye contact, postures, gestures, facial expressions, and Chromatics. However, when communication came to the political communication it means, a process that includes political institutions and actors, the news media and, importantly citizens. There are three key players of political communication as, leaders, media and public. Political communication can be harnessed for positive and negative purposes. However Chromatics its mean colours are most powerful and important communication tool and it is interact with religious, cultural, political and social influences. In the present era colours are playing a considerable role in political communication and also it influenced for political phenomenas. Also the message that communicate for the society by colours are various from country to country. As an example in China, red is a symbol of good luck. In South Africa, red is symbolic of mourning. If you’re “in the red” on Wall Street, you’re losing money. In Jamaica, if you’re red, you’re drunk. In U.S. politics, Red is using by Republican Party. Worldwide, red is the color of communism. However, above brief introduction express that colours are more powerful in political communication. Anyhow, main objective of this paper is to analyze on using colour psychology in political communication. This study is based on secondary data which obtain by scholarly articles, books, reports and other sources. Also content analysis used as for the methodogy. Finally the study revels that the colour psychology play a critical role in political communication and in the present era it has influenced to shape the public opinion tooItem Business model of free newspaper and Sri Lankan Newspaper Industry (A study on the behavior of newspaper readers)(4th National Research Conference on Applied Social Statistics, Social Statistics Students’ Association, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Ruwanpathirana, I.Information acts very important role in human society. Though there are many other sources of information, newspaper still plays an essential role as the conveyer of information. But as time went by the shape and format of the newspaper has been changed. In this context free newspaper was introduced to the world as a successful business model. Free newspaper is a publication which contains current news, published at least four times a week, revenue depends on the advertisements and available free of charge at public places in the city.Though many developed countries are doing business well with this concept, it’s still new to Sri Lanka. So if we are going to start a free newspaper in Sri Lanka, there is a question that, how Sri Lankan audience will react to this product. The behavior of consumer is more and more important when we are developing a new product or service. Newspaper reader is the ultimate consumer of a free newspaper. Therefore the main objective of this study is to find out the possibility to start a free newspaper in Sri Lanka by researching the behavior of newspaper readers in Sri Lanka. 100 respondents from Colombo city were taken in to the sample by using random sampling technique. Researcher was conscious to select commuters instead of just taking people who live in Colombo. It’s because, free newspaper is mainly published targeting the commuters in countries where free newspaper has got the popularity. Rational for selecting Colombo city is, it is the largest metropolitan city and major economic center in Sri Lanka. And that makes Colombo the most suitable location, if some company wishes to start a free newspaper in near future. Questionnaire survey was performed to collect data. The computer software SPSS 19.0 was used to analysis data and calculates values.It was found that the number of regular newspaper readers is low and highest amount of non-readers are teenagers who are in the age group of 15-19. When we analyze the behavior of Sri Lankan commuters, 54% people said that they do nothing during the commuting time. 23% sleep. 12% listen to radio or music. 8% chat with friend. Only 3% answered that they read something. It was proved that majority of Sri Lankan’s do not have a habit of reading while traveling. But it was revealed by this study that majority of people would like to have a free newspaper one day. But they have no idea what the free newspaper is. At last it was proved that though there are both positive and negative facts, people haven’t dumped newspaper yet. Even though there are a number of nonreaders, creative strategic plan can turn these non-readers to readers. It is a good opportunity which we can use creatively with new product to establish free newspaper concept in Sri Lankan newspaper industryItem The causality between growth and female labor force participation in SriLanka(4th National Research Conference on Applied Social Statistics, Social Statistics Students’ Association, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Priyadarshani, W.I.; Dias, D.G.P.T.Economic growth and development is essential and important for the survival and stability of a nation. Human power is one of the basic determinates of economic growth. By using all its potential, economic growth can be improved. Women are also a part of the human power that can have an important role in the economic growth of a country. Numerous studies on income and female labor participation have been done on the basic of western countries. The Asian culture is very different in relation to western culture and women labor force had been influenced by women .Therefore, the causality between this two is in the context of the Asia pacific region of Sri Lanka in comparison to the western countries. The main objective of this study is to determine the causality between income and female labor force participation in Sri Lanka. Then, this research investigates the causality between female labor force participation rates and economic growth. According to Goldin and Tansel, Economic development and women’s economic activity have shown a U-shaped relationship in several studies Noreen and Zafar, Error correlation model was- applied to explore the correlation between the economic growth and Female labor force participation. The results show long-run correlation between female labor force participation rate & economic growth. The present mainly based on the secondary data published by the department of Census and Statics and Central Bank of Sri Lanka. The used annual time series data on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and female labor force participation rate during period 1990 to 2017.The utilize Unit root test and Granger causality test to examine the causality between economic growth and female labor force participation in Sri Lanka. The data used in this study were analyzed by using EViews 9 software. According to these result shows that there is no causality between female labor force participation and economic growth in Sri LankaItem Child violence occurring due to watching cartoons(4th National Research Conference on Applied Social Statistics, Social Statistics Students’ Association, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Bopitiya, D.H.Child violence have been occurring over decades in Sri Lanka, though it has not been able to make an influence to the society as child abusing. Therefore the purpose of this study was to find that, ‘do watching cartoons make children more violent’, considering urban area children. The data was obtained from a sample of 50 selected using convenience sampling, from Nadimala Grama Sewa Division of Dehiwala-Galkissa urban area, conducted through a questionnaire and interview. Descriptive statistics including mean and correlation, and inferential statistics including Chi square test were used to analyze the data, using SPSS and MS Excel. The Chi-square test run for ‘the preference of children towards the scene of the cartoon program’ and ‘the nature of the child’ showed that, the variables are dependent. The dependency of the variables, ‘nature of the imitating characters’ and ‘nature of the child’ was proved by the Chi-square test, which means the children who prefer violent characters show the violence in their real life. Therefore it can be concluded that, the data elucidate watching cartoon characters have been made children more violent, among urban area childrenItem Chinese Strategies towards Hegemonic Power Position(4th National Research Conference on Applied Social Statistics, Social Statistics Students’ Association, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Kumarasingha, M.W.While the US has steadily been on the wane, China has risen as a hegemonic power in the international arena. China's economic, political and military influence has been increasing from the different perspective. In 2016, China was the world largest exporter and second largest importer of the merchandise goods. It also had the world's largest Foreign Exchange Reserves, as of January 2018, China is the number one US treasury holder. Already China has been dominated South Asia, Africa and Latin America by strategically. By using different investment project and unconditional economic assistance, taken the powerful political decision, as well as augmentation of Confucianism China, has been focused on Global hegemony. This study examine the strategies used by China towards becoming as global hegemony by defeating US’s unipolar system. And further, it examines by these dramatically and strategically influence, weather China will be able to be a superpower? This study based on the secondary data derived from various websites, previous research related to the subject area, World Bank report and consider qualitative manner analysis. Today the biggest challenge for the United States is to use old and new strategies of both co-operation and coercion to manage the rise of China. But it can ascertain that using various strategies China will succeed the US as the Global hegemony within the next 10 or 20 years and the fate of the world will be changed in the most extensive procedureItem Compatibility of Sri Lanka’s Labour Law Standards with ones in TPPA – A legal analysis(4th National Research Conference on Applied Social Statistics, Social Statistics Students’ Association, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Anuththara, K.K.G.The Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement is a controversial trade agreement involving 12 countries that is stratergically well positioned to address many of labour law standards among other basic discussions. TPP include a comprehensive labour chapter which promote compliance with internationally recognized labour rights. It highly encourage the freedom of association , elimination of all forms of forced labour, effective abolition child labour, the elimination of discrimination in employment and an acceptable conditions of work with respect to minimum wages. TPPA is likely to ensure the expansion of existing laws relating to the labour standards and the partner countries would achieve a labour friendly environment. If Sri Lanka decide to be a party to this agreement it is very important to analyse this labour chapter. Sri Lanka is a member of ILO and has ratified about 31 international labour conventions including al the ILO’s core labour conventions. Laws relating to Sri Lanka labour standards are laid down in almost about 50 statues according to the Labour Law Department of SL.This paper analyse the existing labour law standards in Sri Lanka and it’s compatibility with TPP labour standards through associated theoretical literature in comparison with the chapter 19 of the TPPA. It has identified that Sri Lanka already having a sufficient amount of laws more likely to the TPPA standards but not a well recognized mechanism to connect them with globalized issues and respond them practically and it requires more amendments to the existing laws in accordance with recent trendsItem Economy and Poverty in Tea Plantations(4th National Research Conference on Applied Social Statistics, Social Statistics Students’ Association, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Rajini Shakila, A.Poverty is an absolute barrier to prosperity due to the lack of resources and opportunities. Feeling of being disenfranchised from the various support systems such as educational, economic, cultural, social can weaken the feeling of empowerment to obtain these resources and opportunities. In Sri Lanka poverty line is one of the widely used indicators to measure poverty. This study is conducted to find out how the expenditure pattern affects the increasing poverty in tea estates in Kandy and Nuwaraeliya. Targeted number of estates is six. In the plantation sector there are certain different issues that have been the cause for the greater number of people to come below the poverty Line. Although plantation workers have many means and ways to earn the needed income. But, most of the workers do not use these opportunities. Therefore, this project aims to look at the reasons for these situations. In this study Primary data was collected in the field by using a structured schedule which includes the total monthly income of the worker, total outstanding saving and social expenditure of the worker. Secondary data was collected from the department of census and Statistics, ministry of finance and planning Sri Lanka. Descriptive statistics methods were used to analyze data and to achieve the objectives of the study. The questionnaire based on survey was done to collect information on monthly expenditure of 100 families using random number of Sampling method. The conclusion of the study shows how the income level has not helped to reduce the poverty levels due to not having the capacity to prioritize their expenditure items. Workers spend high percentages of their income for food (50%), alcohol (15-18%) and communication (15%). They spend as low as 4% of their income for the education and that leads to the low literacy among them. Finally, due to poor saving strategies the debts will increase.Item Factors affecting on savings behavior of undergraduates (special reference to the undergraduate of University of Kelaniya)(4th National Research Conference on Applied Social Statistics, Social Statistics Students’ Association, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Senapala, K.A.D.L.Y.M.Savings are one of the major factors affecting towards a successful journey of the country. By the year of 2017, increase in the gross domestic product is recorded as 29.3% in Sri Lanka. There are so many researches about savings based on household and employees. But the number of researches which are done on university students’ savings, is low. This research objective is to investigate the factors affecting the savings behavior of undergraduates based on the University of Kelaniya. Primary data was collected using 100 questionnaires from undergraduates at the University of Kelaniya. The sample was selected based on a step sampling method. Primary data collected on the basis of questionnaires and secondary data which were collected from the Central Bank Report and the Internet. SPSS and Excel are used as software for organize to data. Data analyzed as mean, median, variance, factor analysis and chi square test. Data representations were performed using charts and tables. According to the information provided by the research, 74% of the sample will be spend on savings and 81% of the students will save money by Self Control. 35.4% of students spend on savings in preferences of their parents and 16.9% decided to stay on their experiences. The research reveals that savings are depended on gender, the source of income and the average monthly income. 91% of the sample is already experiencing the benefits of savings and a 99% recognizes that a strong future requires savings. Finally, the conclusion of this research is savings of undergraduate is depending on experience and attitudes of undergraduate not only undergraduate incomeItem Impact of Consumer Purchasing Intention towards the Green Products of FMCG sector (Special reference to Southern province- Sri Lanka)(4th National Research Conference on Applied Social Statistics, Social Statistics Students’ Association, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Jayawardena, M.Y.G.V.Most of the companies pay their attention on green issues as a part of their marketing campaigns since most of the regulations are concerned with the environment in the present society. Therefore, this has become a trend in the modern society and companies implement their strategies based on green technology. It still exists few obstacles with the dispersion of ecological consumption and product varieties although it has been implemented and dispersed over years. The problem of this research can be defined as what is the impact of consumer purchasing intention towards the green products of FMCG sector? The main aim of this research was to study the impact of consumer attitudes towards green products in Fast Moving Consumer Goods industry. Primary data as well as secondary data were used in this study. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire and the sample group was included 200 consumers from southern province. Therefore, data were collected from the consumers in Galle, Matara and Hambantota districts. The questionnaire included four main segments to get the consumer attitudes. They are packaging, place, promotion and designing. Secondary data sources were book, journals and published articles from the year 2000. Findings revealed that there is a considerable awareness on green products and they are willing to pay for those products more for a healthy life. Moreover, most of the customers were preferred that the packaging is the most important from those four factors and they suggested that the FMCG companies should consider marketing strategies to improve the awareness and supply of the green productsItem The Impact of Economic Development on Poverty Reduction in Sri Lanka(4th National Research Conference on Applied Social Statistics, Social Statistics Students’ Association, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Abeyrathne, R.M.D.H.This paper attempts to investigate the impact of economic development on poverty reduction in Sri Lanka in the context of achieving the first sustainable development goal (SDG) “No Poverty: End poverty in all its forms everywhere”. Development is a multifaceted process of achieving economic, social and political wellbeing of people. The Human Development Index (HDI) for Sri Lanka in 2017 marked 0.77 points and the 76th place from 189 countries. It is an appreciative position in the South Asian region. Thus, development is measured concerning education, life expectancy and health status and contribution to GDP. Western province including commercial capital Colombo contributes 42.8% to the GDP in 2012 and it is the least poor province in the country. The least GDP contribution (3.7%) is by North province in 2012 which is recorded as the poorest province in the country. As usual western province marks highest contribution to GDP in 39.7% in 2016 while North province remains the least contributor by 4.2%. As a result, western province (39.7%) Central province (10.5%) that claims larger portions of GDP, claim higher benefits from development process. According to 2008, World Bank report, Western province including Colombo is an upper middle income country and the rest of the country is a lower middle income country. Therefore, the provinces with less contribution to the GDP remain underdeveloped areas that lack health and educational achievements. The sectoral analysis depicts poverty as an issue related to estate sector due its continuous large figures. In 2009/10 partial poverty is 5.3% in urban sector,9.4% in rural sector and 11.4% in estates. In 2016, urban and rural sectors have minimised into 1.9% and 4.3% respectively. Although reduced into 8.8% in 2016 estate sector still marks the highest figure. Therefore, encouraging private enterprises in urban sector, improving educational levels and employment choices in estates, facilitating loans and provide guidelines for SME can be suggested to reduce poverty in order to achieve increase partial contribution to the GDP. When each province contributes to GDP in an equal approach, the distribution of benefits will assure a comfortable life standard devoid of povertyItem The impact of less English knowledge of the state University students (with special reference to University of Kelaniya )(4th National Research Conference on Applied Social Statistics, Social Statistics Students’ Association, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Amarasinghe, A.L.R.P.English language plays an important role. It’s not only an international language, but essential language for communication across the world. It’s an important as much as if we go anywhere across the globe. English is the most prominent language which widely accepted all today. Today all the books, magazines and journals related to higher education are in English. When we are concerned about Sri Lanka we can see the majority of the state university students are less knowledgeable about English knowledge. So this research was studied to know the impact of less English knowledge among the state university students with special reference to University of Kelaniya. The data were collected under simple random sampling method using questionnaires included a sampling of data of 50. In this paper, in accordance with the central trend measurements, the data were compiled using mean, median, mode and graphs. At the time, 90% of the students of the faculty of Science, 85% of the faculty of commerce and management showed that they are ideal in English knowledge. About 60% of the faculty of humanities and about 35% of the social sciences were vocal and instrumental in the English language. Here too, the knowledge of the English language of the faculty of social sciences was at a low level. The information contained in this domain was living in the rural areas of the province, and since there was not enough facilities for improving the English language. Most of the students who are at the highest educational level in the faculty of social sciences and the faculty of humanities who are living in the vicinity of Colombo. Students who had been using English language since their school time have the capability to do their studies well in the university environment. Adopting English as a compulsory subject and placing English education in rural schools same as in Colombo will be a timely solution to the unemployment problemItem Impact of nature and attitudes of customers on internet banking in Sri-Lanka(4th National Research Conference on Applied Social Statistics, Social Statistics Students’ Association, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Ashinsa, T.The main intention of providing internet banking services is to reduce the physical distance between modern world customers and banks. The study was carried out to identify the impact of nature and attitudes of customers on internet banking with specific reference to Sri-Lanka. The sample was selected from Colombo, Kaluthara and Gampaha districts so as to cover the geographical area of western province. Research was conducted via a questionnaire using random sampling method. The questionnaire was distributed among 50 customers and only 30 customers responded, representing a 60% of response rate. The research explored that, although most of the customers were aware about internet banking services there is a significant amount of customers not using these internet banking facilities. Through the regression analysis of the demographic factors, gender and marital status have found a negative relationship with the internet banking usage. Level of education which was analyzed through the percentage calculation, was discovered to have a strong positive relationship with the adoption of internet banking services. No clear relationship could be detected regarding the age while employment status was identified as a factor that can influence the online banking services. Ease of use was used to determine the attitudes of customers. It showed a positive correlation with the internet banking usage. Furthermore, limited service provided by internet banking services has discovered as the main factor that hindered the use of internet banking services while saving of time has highly motivated customers to use online banking facilities. When considering about the new trends of online banking facilities in Sri-Lanka, accounting information & balance inquiry and the E-payment services were recorded as more popular online banking services. Moreover for the ease of the banking transactions an emerging trend to use mobile banking facilities among Sri-Lankans was identifiedItem The Impact of The Employee Motivational Processes to the Employee Productivity (with reference to garment factories in Katunayaka)(4th National Research Conference on Applied Social Statistics, Social Statistics Students’ Association, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Gunasekara, V.R.In the competing business world, the producers to follow various strategies to sell their products to the customers. All these strategies and efforts are laid upon the human resources in the organization to increase the productivity. In this process of increasing the productivity, human resources are known to be the one of most valuable factors. The involvement of the human resources is massive in every aspect such as decision making, managing, manufacturing etc. So, it is safe to say that future path of an organization can be defined by the human resources in the company. For these reasons, it is necessary to pay special attention to the human activities within the company. The main objective was to identify whether the motivation processes for employees working in apparel industry in Katunayaka affect employee productivity?”. The sub-objectives can be suggested as follows. Study at what level the productivity varies depending on the motivation, study what motivational methods influence productivity and study whether a motivation method used by one institution can also be used by the other institution. Three garment factories were selected to choose 150 employees as the sample. Cluster sampling method was used to select the sample. Correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze data. From the total of 150 people, 17% of the respondents believe that the job attitudes have severely impacted the growth of employee productivity. And also, the training has been found as the contributed factor to employee productivity. 21% of respondents believe upon that the training can affect the productivity. The employees stated that, after completing the training programs it is expected to increase employee productivity. When concentrate on the above results, Different type of employee motivation modes affects the productivity of the company in numerous ways. According to the conducted survey, the two of main employee motivation methods were employee training programs and other non-financial allowances. So non-financial employee motivation methods are more helpful to increase the productivity of the company than the financial motivation methods according to the participantsItem Is the growth of insurance sector sensitive to economic growth in Sri Lanka(4th National Research Conference on Applied Social Statistics, Social Statistics Students’ Association, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Nisanka, G.S.G.Sri Lanka as a developing country as well as running under open economic policy, insurance sector has been developed significantly within last two decades. Moreover, it has been contributing to the economy of the country. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analysis the impact of GDP growth on insurance income in Sri Lanka. This study has employed the time series data from 2002 to 2017 taken from central bank reports and the annual reports of Sri Lanka insurance board. The results show that there is a positive impact of GDP per capita on insurance income. In conclusion, insurance sector in Sri Lankan is sensitive on GDP per capita as other developed countriesItem Maternal factors which are affecting for the low birth weight(4th National Research Conference on Applied Social Statistics, Social Statistics Students’ Association, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Gamage, L.K.; Wijesinghe, W.A.N.D.The intervention in the time period of pregnancy and early childhood plays a prominent role in order to fulfill our wishes on Sri Lankan child population. Maternal protection during the pregnancy period is crucial as it directly affects to the development of the child fatality. In relation to study, child’s body weight at birth is considered as body mass Index (BMI) for the proper growth of the child the birth must be at least 2500g and births below 2500g weight is considered as low birth weight and those kids may not properly develop and immune to disease are in low level. It has taken Galle District Mahamodara maternity hospital pregnant mothers who delivered their babies on February 2017 as the population. According to that it has selected 289 pregnant in line with stratified random sampling method and gathered primary data with a questionnaire. The relevant data has been collected day after the babies’ birth and continued for the entire February month. The selected population comprises of 4 wards of post-delivery and samples were collected in line with the percentage representing every ward. Following are the identified independent variables Mother’s nutrition, Average family income, Employment of mother, Number of children mother feeds, Mother’s age, Number of family members, Mother’s educational level, Diabetic condition of mother, and High blood pressure condition of the mother. The dependent variable in the research is the weight of the children. Analyzes were done by using SPSS 10.1 software. According to the study multiple regression analysis has been conducted using an independent variables in order to describe dependent variable, the “child’s birth weight”. Y=𝛽0+𝛽𝑖𝑥𝑖+⋯……………+𝛽𝑘𝑥𝑘+𝜀" i = 1,2,3,……………..,k ' In line with research estimated multiple regression is shown below, BW = 1558.406+ 412.371 BMI+95.648 EL – 218.397 DC' The mother’s nutrition, mother’s educational level, mother’s diabetic condition variables have been identified that affects to child’s birth weight using multiple regression. Considering the studies carried out in different districts in Sri Lanka the above factors proves true. To minimize these negative impacts it is important to launching promotional programs awareness workshops on maternity nutrition, Identifying malnutrition and sick mothers and conduct special medical clinics for them and make aware the family members on pregnancy safety and nutritional needsItem Maternal factors which are affecting for the low birth weight(4th National Research Conference on Applied Social Statistics, Social Statistics Students’ Association, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Gamage, L.K.; Wijesinghe, W.A.N.D.The intervention in the time period of pregnancy and early childhood plays a prominent role in order to fulfill our wishes on Sri Lankan child population. Maternal protection during the pregnancy period is crucial as it directly affects to the development of the child fatality. In relation to study, child’s body weight at birth is considered as body mass Index (BMI) for the proper growth of the child the birth must be at least 2500g and births below 2500g weight is considered as low birth weight and those kids may not properly develop and immune to disease are in low level. It has taken Galle District Mahamodara maternity hospital pregnant mothers who delivered their babies on February 2017 as the population. According to that it has selected 289 pregnant in line with stratified random sampling method and gathered primary data with a questionnaire. The relevant data has been collected day after the babies’ birth and continued for the entire February month. The selected population comprises of 4 wards of post-delivery and samples were collected in line with the percentage representing every ward. Following are the identified independent variables Mother’s nutrition, Average family income, Employment of mother, Number of children mother feeds, Mother’s age, Number of family members, Mother’s educational level, Diabetic condition of mother, and High blood pressure condition of the mother. The dependent variable in the research is the weight of the children. Analyzes were done by using SPSS 10.1 software. According to the study multiple regression analysis has been conducted using an independent variables in order to describe dependent variable, the “child’s birth weight”. Y=𝛽0+𝛽𝑖𝑥𝑖+⋯……………+𝛽𝑘𝑥𝑘+𝜀" i = 1,2,3,……………..,k ' In line with research estimated multiple regression is shown below, BW = 1558.406+ 412.371 BMI+95.648 EL – 218.397 DC' The mother’s nutrition, mother’s educational level, mother’s diabetic condition variables have been identified that affects to child’s birth weight using multiple regression. Considering the studies carried out in different districts in Sri Lanka the above factors proves true. To minimize these negative impacts it is important to launching promotional programs awareness workshops on maternity nutrition, Identifying malnutrition and sick mothers and conduct special medical clinics for them and make aware the family members on pregnancy safety and nutritional needsItem Maternal factors which are affecting for the low birth weight(4th National Research Conference on Applied Social Statistics, Social Statistics Students’ Association, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Gamage, L.K.; Wijesinghe, W.A.N.D.The intervention in the time period of pregnancy and early childhood plays a prominent role in order to fulfill our wishes on Sri Lankan child population. Maternal protection during the pregnancy period is crucial as it directly affects to the development of the child fatality. In relation to study, child’s body weight at birth is considered as body mass Index (BMI) for the proper growth of the child the birth must be at least 2500g and births below 2500g weight is considered as low birth weight and those kids may not properly develop and immune to disease are in low level. It has taken Galle District Mahamodara maternity hospital pregnant mothers who delivered their babies on February 2017 as the population. According to that it has selected 289 pregnant in line with stratified random sampling method and gathered primary data with a questionnaire. The relevant data has been collected day after the babies’ birth and continued for the entire February month. The selected population comprises of 4 wards of post-delivery and samples were collected in line with the percentage representing every ward. Following are the identified independent variables Mother’s nutrition, Average family income, Employment of mother, Number of children mother feeds, Mother’s age, Number of family members, Mother’s educational level, Diabetic condition of mother, and High blood pressure condition of the mother. The dependent variable in the research is the weight of the children. Analyzes were done by using SPSS 10.1 software. According to the study multiple regression analysis has been conducted using an independent variables in order to describe dependent variable, the “child’s birth weight”. Y=𝛽0+𝛽𝑖𝑥𝑖+⋯……………+𝛽𝑘𝑥𝑘+𝜀" i = 1,2,3,……………..,k ' In line with research estimated multiple regression is shown below, BW = 1558.406+ 412.371 BMI+95.648 EL – 218.397 DC' The mother’s nutrition, mother’s educational level, mother’s diabetic condition variables have been identified that affects to child’s birth weight using multiple regression. Considering the studies carried out in different districts in Sri Lanka the above factors proves true. To minimize these negative impacts it is important to launching promotional programs awareness workshops on maternity nutrition, Identifying malnutrition and sick mothers and conduct special medical clinics for them and make aware the family members on pregnancy safety and nutritional needsItem Non-Governmental Organizations in the Process of Empowerment of Livelihood Activities in Rural Areas in Sri Lanka(4th National Research Conference on Applied Social Statistics, Social Statistics Students’ Association, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Panampitiya, W.M.G.N.Livelihood activities of individuals directly affect to the level of income and economic stability of a household. Therefore, it is significant to have supportive mechanisms in the community to empower the capacities and abilities of people in particularly in rural areas. Non – Governmental Organizations (NGOs) is one of significant alternative body in the modern scenario of development path. One of significant working area of NGOs is to empower livelihood of households. Accordingly, main intentions of this study were to identify the programmes of NGOs in the process of livelihood empowerment and to analyze the effects of programmes which have been implemented by NGOs for the uplifting sustainability of standards of living of the people. The empirical study was conducted in two Grama Niladari Divisions of Nawagaththegama Divisional Secretariat Division in Sri Lanka. This study has based on survey method and functional method. Data were collected from 50 households based on purposive sampling method. Questionnaires was used as primary data collection technique. Both open ended and closed ended questions were included in the questionnaire. Programmes related to paddy and crop cultivations, animal husbandry, employment, management of household expenditure and savings and also community effects of them were analyzed critically through this study. NGO programmes in the studied rural area to enhance the capacity and skills related to income generating opportunities had positively influenced to uplift economic stability of their household. Based on the findings, it has suggested that programmes related to empower human potentials and skills to sustain livelihood of people are significant to introduce rather than focusing social welfare and effective integrated approach between state and NGO sector is important in order to absorb full potentials of community members into development discourse. Finally, this study signifies the importance of introducing integrated intervention between government and NGOs with an approach to participatory development which offers concrete answers to the challenges related to livelihood of peopleItem The Problems faced by undergraduates when using the university library system (with special reference to University of Kelaniya)(4th National Research Conference on Applied Social Statistics, Social Statistics Students’ Association, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Thilakarathna, D.The library is the store of the knowledge. Every educational institution like schools, universities has a library. Is there an increase of using library with the language literacy? is the research problem. Therefore, main focus of this study is to examine the aims of using the library of students and whether they are successful for the students. In this study, 100 students were selected that include 25 students from each faculty of Social Sciences, Humanities, Sciences and Commerce and Management. This survey is based on the clustered sampling method and the data analysis has done using the SPSS software. According to the findings, most students largely use the library only for their educational tasks. 61% of the undergraduates have expressed that the time period given by the library is not enough for their educational tasks and 39% of the undergraduates are agree with the existing time period of the books. 62% of the undergraduates are combined with the language literacy and some of students are unable to engage with the language literacy. 51% of the undergraduates are agree with the support given by the non-academic staff while 49% of the undergraduates did not satisfy with it. According to the Chi square analysis method, gender does not effect on efficiency of using the library. Most students select books depending on the language literacy. Thereby, the study provides strategic suggestions for university libraries to improve on their own university library system, by developing the infrastructure of the library. Then library will be able to increase the usage of the library