ARS - 2011
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/169
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Item The dental analysis of prehistoric skeletal remains of Pothana, Sigiriya, Sri Lanka(12th Annual Research Symposium, University of Kelaniya, 2011) Chandimal, K.M.; Yasawardene, S.G.; Adikari, G.A detailed analysis of dentition is of utmost importance in finding answers to specific questions regarding heath status, dietary preferences, behavioral patterns and biological affinities of prehistoric populations, and is of paramount importance to archaeologists. Dental remains from prehistoric skeletal remains at Pothana date back to more than 4500 BP were used in this study. Permanent teeth (54 in no.) obtained from these adult human skeletal remains were studied. The detailed morphological and metrical analysis of permanent dentition was done and the crown index (B-L/M-Dx100) and robustness values (B-L x M-D) calculated for each tooth by following the methods described in Bass 2005 and Marting and Saller 1957 -1959, using measured mesio-distal and bucco-lingual diameters of lower molar teeth. The morphological traits: shovel shape of incisors, carabelli‟s cusp, taurodontism, para molar cusps and cusp number and molar groove pattern of mandibular teeth of the dentition were studied. The pattern of dental attrition, staining & discoloration of teeth and pathological conditions were studied. The crown surface area (robustness value) of available lower teeth decreases Molar 1 (M1) > M2 >M3 and the crown index decreases M3 > M2 >M1 of Pothana skeletal remains. Five cusp patterns were observed in the available first lower molar and the four cusp pattern was observed in lower second and third molar teeth. The upper molar showed the four and three cusp pattern. The groove patterns were not observed on first and second molar due to high stage of attrition but Y groove pattern was observed on 3rd lower molar teeth. There was no evidence of crowding, taurodontism, shovel shaped incisors, artificial deformations, carabelli‟s cusp, para molar cusps. The attrition differential between the anterior and posterior dentition was clearly evident. High attrition was observed in most of the anterior teeth in many instances rather than in molar and premolar. This is comparable to the dental attrition pattern of Pomparippu population reported by Lukacs 1973, and the dental attrition pattern of Balangoda population by Kennedy 1986. This indicates the higher usage of anterior teeth by extinct population than the post canine dentition. The cause for the higher wear pattern on anterior teeth may be due to the higher usage of incisors and canines as tools to manipulate or to hold various objects. The pathological conditions including carious decay, periodontal diseases were absent in the teeth samples from Pothana. This is comparable to the reported good dental heath state of Balangoda population by Kennedy 1973, and contrasts with the low dental health of Pomparippu population described by Lukacs 1973.Item The distribution of ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood groups in purana inhabitants of Sigiriya, Sri Lanka(12th Annual Research Symposium, University of Kelaniya, 2011) Chandimal, K.M.; Yasawardene, S.G.; Adikari, G.The ABO blood group system was discovered in 1901, and since then, has been of major importance in medicine. Racial and ethnic differences in blood type and composition are documented. The frequency with which blood types are observed is determined by the frequency with which the alleles of the ABO gene are found in different parts of the world. The blood type purity depends on migration, diseases, inter-relational reproductive opportunity, traditions and customs, geography, and the initial assigned blood type. The purana population in Sigiriya who face imminent threat of extinction, trace their ancestry to the times of the Sinhalese King of the 5th Century A.D. This study was carried out to determine the distribution of ABO and Rh phenotype in purana inhabitants of Talkote, Diyakepilla, Alakolaweva,Pidurangala, purana villages at the foot of Sigiriya rock. One thousand and ten purana inhabitants belonging to purana pedigree were included in this study and those who belong to other pedigrees were excluded. The individual selection was based on verbal pedigree analysis and pedigree was traced back to at least three generations. Capillary blood was used to determine the individual blood group by using commercially available anti A, anti B, anti D antibodies. More than 98% of purana population showed Rh positivity while the distribution of O, B, A, and AB phenotypes were 55%, 32%,10% and 03% respectively. The percentage distribution of blood group phenotype O of purana population is higher than the reported values of Sinhalese-45%, Tamils-39%, Muslims-42% and Burghers-45% in different racial groups in Sri Lanka, reported by N.S De Zoyza in 1985. The reported value of blood group O in vedda group is 47% according to Weber 2005, while the Australian Aborigines being 61% (World Blood Bank record). The percentage value of blood group phenotype A is comparable with the values of Veddas (9.8%) reported by Weber 2005 and this is contrasting with other racial groups in Sri Lanka, value being of more than 20% of each population. The percentage of phenotype A in purana inhabitants in Sigiriya is comparable with the Sakai (Malaysia), Nicobarese (Nicobars) primitive groups in Southeast Asia reported by Weber 2005. The percentage value of AB phenotype of purana inhabitants of Sigiriya is comparable with the Vedda group in Sri Lanka being 2% and Khmer (Combodia) primitive groups in Southeast Asia reported by Weber 2005. The blood group distribution of purana inhabitants confirms their isolated nature with minimum migration, inter-relational marriages and reproductive opportunity.