150th Birth Anniversary of Anagarika Dharmapala International Conference - 2015
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Item Bringing Vesak to the World: Anagarika Dharmapala’s Contribution(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Kemper, S.Anagarika Dharmapala’s role in reviving Buddhism in Sri Lanka and pride in Sinhala ethnic identity is well known. His career abroad, where he spent almost 90% of his adult life, is less appreciated. For most of his life, Dharmapala lived in Kolkata, although he spent over a year living in London towards the end of his life. Those sojourns were broken up by frequent travels, during which he renewed friendships, visited places, and tried to promote Buddhism. To that extent, he was a missionary, although a missionary with minimal interest in converting people. In the matter of recovering Bodh Gaya as an exclusively Buddhist place, he was fierce; in the matter of spreading Buddhism he was interested only in making non-Buddhists aware of the religion’s virtues. One of his strategies for making Buddhism present in new places was to celebrate the Buddha’s birthday in a public venue. In that context, he initiated the celebration of Vesak in Kolkata, Lahore, and Chennai, as well as Japan and the West. In Kolkata the celebration not only shown respect to the Buddha, it also signaled the return of the Buddhasasana to the land where the religion began. Because of the Buddha’s own attitude to religious truth and Dharmapala’s imitation of his example, Vesak became a “come-and-see” thing, drawing the attention of people of various backgrounds and religions.Item Restoration of Moral Values and Buddhist Stance by Celibate Dharmapala: A Brief Review(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Rathnasiri, R.M.The invasion of the three western powers which adopted the divide and rule policy to gain supremacy in Sri Lanka imposed invaders’ religion and culture changing drastically the lifestyle of Sri Lankans. In this context, Anagarika Dharmapala, who saw the plight of his people whose religion was neglected and lives were dispirited, dedicated to national and religious causes with deep sense of patriotism. Anagarika (homeless one) Dharmapala (guardian of the dharma) who felt that the observance of all the Vinaya rules would get in the way of his work advocated to the laity the Buddhist moral values such as observance of the fivefold ethics (panñsīla), livelihood, decent clothing, behaviour, wholesome family, social and cultural life, etc. based on Buddhist philosophy and culture. Anagarika Dharmapala eventually rejected the theosophical stance centered on the issue of universalism declaring that Buddhism was being assimilated into a non-Buddhist model of truth. He stated, “Theosophy was only consolidating Krishna worship. To say that all religions have a common foundation only shows the ignorance of the speaker; Dharma alone is supreme to the Buddhist.” He, vehemently denouncing the portrayal of Buddhism in the West by Christian missionaries as pessimistic, nihilistic and passive, affirmed the Causality, the central teaching in Buddhism and added, “Buddhism is a comprehensive system of ethics and a transcendental metaphysics embracing a sublime psychology.” Thus, he restored Buddhist values and stance in its clarity. Anagarika Dharmapala, who made a remarkable contribution to the Buddhist revival and the nationalist awakening in Sri Lanka beyond common human endurance, immensely dedicated himself to enhancing moral behavior in his compatriots and safeguarding Buddhism.Item ජාතික පුනර්ජීවනයෙහි ලා ධර්මපාල භූමිකාව(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Sampath, B.I.Item බුදුදහම ජාත්යන්තරයට ගෙනයාම සඳහා අනගාරික ධර්මපාලතුමාගෙන් ලැබුණු දායකත්වය(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Premaratne, G.M.U.; Perera, G.I.S.; Jayathilake, J.A.I.K.; Madhushanka, K.B.T.U.Item ජාතික සංවර්ධනය සඳහා අනගාරික ධර්මපාලතුමාගේ යුග මෙහෙවර පිළිබඳ විමසුමක්(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Kumari, W.A.D.Item ථේරවාදී බුදුදහම ජාත්යන්තරයට රැගෙන යාමෙහි ලා ධර්මපාලතුමන් අනුගමනය කළ ක්රමෝපාය(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Sampath, B.I.Item Anagarika Dharmapala’s Central Message Falsified and Distorted(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Goonatilake, S.In contrast to the many hagiographies on Dharmapala and of the past of his Maha Bodhi Society, there is a counter narrative in academia as well as in recent developments of the Maha Bodhi Society. Through primarily published literature these two perspectives are discussed. Anagarika’s role has to be seen within Sri Lanka’s Buddhist revival after centuries of colonial repression. The 19th century saw: the debates with the Christians, the establishment of Vidyalankara and Vidyodaya Pirivenas and the global links of scholar monks. Within this, Dharmapala, well-read in both Buddhist and Western sources, broke through colonial restraints. His contributions included: struggling to regain the Maha Bodhi, the first Dalit movement, asking Sinhalese to learn from “Aryans” like Madras Tamils and Bengalese, wanting to restore the Bhikkhuni order and promoting industrialization. He was in several ways a contrast to Gandhi and nearer Ambedkar. Internalizing a colonial mindset, recent anthropology writers who have not adequately read the literature as well as the context have distorted both Dharmapala and the Buddhist revival. Further, the current Maha Bodhi Society, in contrast to its founder Dharmapala is following a partial Hindu agenda. The paper illustrates these tendencies and points out the need to highlight the original thrust of Dharmapala, especially at a time when Buddhist thought is gaining ground globally while the counter narrative is creating recolonized minds. As a parallel conclusion the need for disciplines to interact with each other is emphasized including in the universities that succeeded Vidyalankara and Vidyodaya.Item Anagarika Dharmapala’s contribution to the International Community(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Siddhartha, S.One of the great revivalists of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, Anagarika Dharmapala also worked in various parts of the world, to bring back to life, the eternal values of Buddhism for the peaceful betterment of humanity. [For the ‘homeless one’- Anagaarika, the entire world was home] Two Buddhist priests appeared on the horizon and prepared the ground for Anagarika to take it up from there. “Venerable Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Nayake Thera & Migettuwatte Sri Gunananda Thera.” Also two Theosophists, Col. H.S.Olcott and Mme Blavatsky came to Srilanka, with the purpose of reviving Buddhism. The one country which benefitted most from his contributions was India—the birthplace of Buddha . For him, all sites, specially Bodh Gaya and Sarnath, were verily the holiest of the holy. In 1891 he established the Maha Bodhi Society. With branches all over the world it is the symbol of the revival of Buddhism in the world. Starting the Maha Bodhi Journal was a welcome move and led to his being invited to the Chicago Parliament of Religions in 1893. This revealed Buddhism to the Western world too.Visits to Japan, Shanghai and Bangkok between 1893 and 1913, highlighted his efforts for the unification of the diverse streams. In 1893,1896, 1902, and 1925, he visited America. He visited the Industrial Schools in U S A, London, Holland, Denmark and Italy. On return he established such schools in Sarnath & Benaras.Built a Buddha vihara in Calcutta. (1920). British Buddhist Mission established in London. Died in the country of his Lord Buddha at Sarnath, Benaras .His message was for the entire Globe, even though his commitment was first and foremost to his countrymen. A true world- leader.Item අනගාරික ධර්මපාලතුමා භාවිත කළ සන්නිවේදන ක්රමවේද පිළිබඳ අධ්යයනයක්(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Rajapaksha, S.; Nandasiri, A.; Sajeewanie, K.Item අනගාරික ධර්මපාල දැක්ම නූතනයට ගැළපීම පිලිබඳ සිදු කළ විමර්ශනාත්මක අධ්යයනයක්(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Dhammarathana Thero, InduragareItem Deprivation of Dharmapala thought in Local History of National Freedom and the Dominance of Western Ideology and the Problem of Local Thinking(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Jinadasa, M.National freedom struggle from Britain in the early 20th century has been much concentrated by the works of urban elite class, who were comprised by both communist labor leaders and the people who educated at the British Ox-bridge tradition. However, the contribution of Anagarika Dharmapala on the Freedom Struggle has been underestimated by the contemporary political and social discourses. Resurrection of Sinhala Buddhist Nationalism is the most popular and much focus concern of Anagarika Dharmapala. This has not limited only towards the Sinhala Buddhist Nationalism but also it has earlier influence for the construction of freedom struggle before the scattered opinion among local people. However, widely accepted notion on the freedom achievement drew from the western educated and urban labor leaders, has established in the spheres of political science and Mass communication studies. In Conclusion, Dharmapala has immensely contributed for making a pre-conditional concrete social thought and national political environment for national freedom in Sri Lanka. However, dominant social and political thought were establishing from the British colonialism and urban elite class from the very beginning of mid-19th century. As a result, contribution of Dharmapala was neglected by the colonial educators at the mid-20th century simultaneously with the construction of British ruling and educating system in the national policy planning. This was mostly due to the facts that British educated local people, who were represented in the parliament and the negligence of the contribution of Dharmapala by ill-treating and misconceptioning on narrow ethnic and cultural perspectives by the local people.Item අනගාරික ධර්මපාලතුමන් දුටු ජතිකාභිවෘද්ධිය සඳහා භික්ෂු කාර්යභාරය පිළිබඳ විමර්ශනයක්(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Wijayawimala Thero, Suriyawewa; Indrajothi Thero, Baladora; Sumangala Thero, PahiyangalaItem අනගාරික ධර්මපාලතුමා ජාතික ව්යාපාරය තුළ සිංහල බෞද්ධ ජනය අවදි කිරීමට ගෙන ගිය සන්නිවේදන උපක්රම පිළිබඳ තුලනාත්මක අධ්යයනයක්(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Kaluarachchi, C.Item 1889 දී කර්නල් එච්.එස්. ඕල්කොට් සහ අනගාරික ධර්මපාලතුමාගේ ජපන් සංචාරය සහ එහි ප්රථිපල පිළිබඳ ඇගයීමක්(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Edirisinghe, D.Item ලංකාවේ ස්වදේශික කර්මාන්ත ස්ථාපනයෙහිලා අනගාරික ධර්මපාලතුමාගේ දායකත්වය(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Hewawasan, H.H.N.S.; Dilhani, S.A.; Gunasinghe, E.W.A.H.C.Item වීර්යය සහ අප්රමාදය: අනගාරික ධර්මපාලතුමාගේ ලිපි ඇසුරින්(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Ranasinghe, D.U.Item අනගාරික ධර්මපාලතුමාගේ ජාතික මෙහෙවර පිළිබඳ විමසුමක් (අනගාරික ධර්මපාල අප්රකට ඇත ලිපි ඇසුරෙන්)(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Pieris, I.R.N.S.Item ශ්රී ලංකාවේ බෞද්ධ සංස්කෘතික පුනර්ජීවන ව්යාපාරය පසුබිම් කොට අනගාරික ධර්මපාලගේ දර්ශනය තුළින් ඉස්මතු වන සිංහල බෞද්ධ කුලකන්තව පිළිබඳ සංකල්පය(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Gunaratne, S.Item අනගාරික ධර්මපාල බහුවිධ සමාජ කාර්යභාරය පිළිබඳ අධ්යයනයක්(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Piyadasa, R.L.; Herath, D.B.; Somarathne, D.S.; de Pasqual, M.K.Item අනගාරික ධර්මපාල: සිංහල බෞද්ධ ජාතිකවාදය සඳහා ඉතිහාසය භාවිතය(Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Edirisinghe, A.N.