IPRC - 2017
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Item Analysis of Water and Sediment in Attanagalu Oya in Sri Lanka: Pollution Levels and Effects(In: Proceedings of the International Postgraduate Research Conference 2017 (IPRC – 2017), Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Premaratne, W.A.P.J.; Perera, H.S.M.The Attanagalu Oya plays a major role in national water supply since it contains four major national water supply and drainage board intakes. This study intends to investigate the water quality variation and pollution levelin Attanagalu Oya in Gampaha municipal council area.Sampling was conducted for a period of six months from November 2016 to April 2017 at nine locations situated between 7° 05' 33.8" to 7° 05' 53.1’’N latitude and 79° 58' 15.6"to 79° 59' 32.5"E longitude along the main river. Both water and sediment samples in the river were collected and tested for physical and chemical parameters. Electrical conductivity (EC), pH, titratable acidity, total hardness, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and metal ions content (Fe, Pb, Cd, Ni, Mn, Cu) were analyzed in water samples. EC, pH, organic matter content and soil texture were analyzed in sediment samples. Experimental results were ascertained to find out the quality and pollution level of water and sediment by comparing with the standards levels given by the Central Environmental Authority (CEA) in Sri Lanka and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. According to the experimental results, average pH values of water in the river was from 7.1 to 7.6 and did not exceed the proposed ambient water quality standards for fish and aquatic life. EC values ranged from 81.9 to 91.7 μS/cm and conductivity shows a drastic increment due to dry season. Titratable acidity, total hardness and metal ions content in water samples were not in the limits of CEA and WHO standards for drinking water parameters. COD values of water samples exceeded the maximum CEA standards during the sampling period. Sediment analysis indicated that physical and chemical parameters are not in the limits of CEA standards. Therefore, this study shows that the river is polluted and the effects being significant in the urban areas.Item Assessments of Drinking Water Quality and Water Treatment Process in Kalatuwawa Reservoir in Sri Lanka.(In: Proceedings of the International Postgraduate Research Conference 2017 (IPRC – 2017), Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Premaratne, W.A.P.J.; Senarathne, K.S.D.Kalatuwawa is one of the major water treatment plants which supplies water to Colombo city and it‘s sub-urban. Raw and treated water samples were collected from the Kalatuwawa water treatment plant located at 6 85‘ latitude and 80 18‘ longitude. Both raw and treated water samples were analyzed ninety times within six months (15 days per months) from July to December 2016 for pH, turbidity, conductivity, color, hardness, alkalinity, aluminum, iron, manganese and ammonia. According to the experimental results, pH was in the range of 6.58.5 in the treated water. The conductivity values ranged from 20.5 to 34.5 μS cm- 1 in raw water and it was from 48.5 to 74.5 μS cm- 1 for treated water. The hardness value range was from 5.5 to 6.5 ppm (as CaCO3) for raw water and from 15.5 to 25.5 ppm (as CaCO3) for treated water. Raw water and treated water alkalinities were 7.0-8.5 ppm (as CaCO3) and 13.0-19.5 ppm (as CaCO3) respectively. Aluminum concentration in raw water was 0.02-0.05 ppm and it was 0.1-0.2 ppm in treated water. Ammonia concentration in raw water in Kalatuwawa varied from 0.02 to 0.09 ppm and the maximum value in treated water was 0.01 ppm. Iron concentration in raw water was 0.5-2.0 ppm and it was 0.05-0. 07 ppm in treated water. Average color of the raw water was detected as 39-83 Pt/Co units and after treatment process average color indicated as zero value Pt/Co units. Average turbidity value was from 0.2 to 2.5 NTU for treated water. Experimental data revealed that treated water from Kalatuwawa reservoir is in the limits of World Health Organization (WHO) standards for drinking water parameters indicating efficient, effective and productive water treatment process.Item Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters of Water in Cooling Towers and Boilers: Testing and Comparisons.(In: Proceedings of the International Postgraduate Research Conference 2017 (IPRC – 2017), Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Premaratne, W.A.P.J.; Maithreepala, K.L.U.Scaling and corrosion effects of cooling towers and boilers can be identified by analyzing their water quality parameters. Cooling tower mainly has a refrigeration system, providing cooling in a wide range of applications such as such as chemical processing, power plants, steel mills and some manufacturing processes. Boiler is a vessel which has an enclosed system. In boiler, water is circulated and heated, either as steam or hot water to generate power or heat. This study investigated six cooling towers and six boilers selected from various industries such as food, beverages, dairy, manufacturing industry and hotels. Each water sample was analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity, total hardness and chloride. According to the experimental results, in cooling towers pH value fluctuated from 7.6 to 8.7. The EC value ranged from 98.8 to 1215.5 µS cm1. The TDS varied in the range of 50.5 to 793.5 mg L-1. Alkalinity was detected from 18.3 to 343.6 mg L-1 as CaCO3. The value of total hardness and amount of chloride varied from 12.3 to 429.5 and 14.7 to 22.8 mg L-1 respectively. In boiler waters, the pH value varied from 8.7 to 11.2. The EC value was from 551.5 to 3997.8 µS cm-1. The TDS value was determined from 283.5 to 2748.5 mg L-1. The alkalinity varied in the range of 90.8 to 404.5 mg L-1. The value of total hardness and chloride varied in the range of 23.3 to 214.5 mg L-1 as CaCO3 and 9.6 to 23.5 mg L-1 respectively. The observed physicochemical parameters from water samples were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA. According to the experimental results, it was found that in most cooling towers and boilers physicochemical parameters of waters are not in the range of recommended standards values and have heavy corrosion and scaling effect. These effects can be minimized by correct chemical adjustment for the water quality parameters.Item Physicochemical Analysis of Ground Water Quality and Soil in Ja-Ela Area in Sri Lanka.(In: Proceedings of the International Postgraduate Research Conference 2017 (IPRC – 2017), Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Premaratne, W.A.P.J.; Anuruddha, I.G.G.U.Water pollution has become a common problem with the reduction of the availability of drinking fresh water resources. Hydrochemical parameters of groundwater and soil play a significant role in classifying and assessing the water quality. The objective of the present study is to ascertain the major ion chemistry of groundwater and soil in the Ja-Ela, Indiwita area in Sri Lanka. Water and soil samples were collected from 12 drinking water wells between 7 04‘ 29‖ to 7 04‘ 39‖ latitude and 79 53‘ 01‖ to 80 53‘ 04‖ longitude in the JaEla area. Each drinking water well was analysed six times within six months for pH, specific conductance, COD, hardness, and metals (using AAS method) including Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg and Na. The observed physicochemical parameters of ground water were compared with World Health Organization Standards (WHO). According to the experimental results, all the ground water samples were appeared brownish colour with an odour. The observed pH values of all the water samples were ranged from 7.0 to 8.3. Aluminium content in the water samples was not in the detectable limits (<0.05 mg L-1) and the maximum iron content observed was 5.3 mg L-1. The maximum manganese content observed was 0.3 mg L- 1. Total magnesium and calcium contents were ranged from 42 to 581 as CaCO3 mg L-1. The majority water type in the study area was found to be Na-bicarbonate water type. Groundwater soil samples were analysed for pH, specific conductance, cation exchange capacity organic matters, mineral phases, and metals including Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg and Na. Manganese content in soil was from 1.7 to 70.5 mg kg-1. Experimental data revealed that groundwater in studied area was not in the limits of WHO standards for drinking water parameters except the pH value and conductivity.