Volume 06 Issue 03
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/13935
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Item Migration of agricultural labourers and its impact on the farming sector(Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2014) Gundappa; Dsouza, A.A.Human beings keep on struggling for their food, shelter and other basic requirements since ages. They have a natural tendency of acquiring personal growth. Migration has been a general activity of human lives. Considers migration as a permanent or semi-permanent change of residence with no restriction the distance involved in the movement Lee broadly (1966). “It is not population that process on productivity power. It is productivity that process on population”. Karl marks and Engels. Since ancient times, human beings are migrating from one region to another region and from one place to another place for one or the other reason. During ancient days, the migration was influenced mainly by the geographical factors like atmosphere, soil fertility, natural vegetation etc. Internal conflicts, conflicts between religion and local wars. Casual and unskilled workers who move about systematically from one region to another off earning their services on a temporary, usually, seasonal, basis. These migrations have intensified after industrial revolution. Rampant migration has resulted in making metropolitan cities. Most migrant labourers have no reemployment rights, are usually unorganized in unions and have little systematic access to job seeking. Middlemen, job brokers, labour contractors and crew leaders arise out of this fundamental disorganization of the labour market. The fact that the unorganized migrant workers is “HERE TODAY AND GONE TOMORROW” makes the regulation of his working and living conditions difficult. The term migration refers to the people’s movement from their native place to a new place perhaps permanently, temporarily or seasonal migrants. The labour market for migrant workers in agricultural in notable disorderly, partly, because such workers employment relationship is temporary. Thus, if region is taken as the basis, it may be international and internal migration. This paper enlightenes that unorganized agriculture labour facing problems socially, culturally and economically in Bangalore city.Item Globalization, Gender and Governance in Irrigation: An Inquiry in to Preclusion of Women’s Participation in Tamil Nadu(Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2014) Dasthagir, K.G.Globalization of Irrigation Management Transfer has brought institutional reforms to enhance the role of water users in the governance of bureaucratic irrigation systems in more than 60 countries of the world. Nevertheless, these new irrigation institutions have not really redefined rights which would make it more gender inclusive to enhance women’s participation in user organizations for water resources management. In the backdrop of primacy accorded by Millennium Development Goals (MDG) and irrigation management literature on the participation of women-farmers in water user associations as a precondition for the efficacy and sustainability of irrigation systems , this paper endeavours to analyse the impact of institutional reforms on gender participation in the governance of Sathanur Irrigation System with the following objectives: To examine membership and representation of women-farmers in Water User Associations and to explicate the relationship between heterogeneity among women-farmers and their participation in Participatory Irrigation Management. Premised on the perspective of post-structuralism that women do not constitute a single homogenous category’, this paper analyses membership, participation and representation of rural women in Water User Associations. While secondary data were drawn from the WRO election reports and Water User Associations records, primary data were gathered by means of a sample survey of women-farmers of Villupuram district adopting proportionate random sampling design. The survey data were analyzed with the help of SPSS package applying Chi-Square test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Analysis of secondary data elucidates the existence of gender gap in membership of Water User Associations in Sathanur irrigation system. The primary data brought evidences about the existence of heterogeneity among women in agrarian social structure. This research has also brought to light the differences among women members of Water User Associations in relation to their participation in cultivation and Participatory Irrigation Management. Thus, this paper demonstrates that gender insensitive legal framework in the absence of gender mainstreaming in water sector, is more likely to reproduce gender discrimination and reinforce women exclusion in PARTICIPATORY IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT.Item The End of the Cold War and the Emergence of Supra-nationalism in Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)(Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2014) Yaya, B.H.; Mala, B.ECOWAS is a sub-regional integration organization in Africa, whose main objective is the market integration of its fifteen member states. The organization has suffered criticisms as a result of the poor implementation of its economic programmes. Since the end of The Cold War, ECOWAS problems were aggravated by security problems and political instability due largely to power vacuum and broken nests of the powerful blocks. Hence, the authority of heads of state and government of the ECOWAS were constrained to take on the challenges, thereby extending the mandate of ECOWAS to tackle security issues. Consequently, the organization has been growing in power and influence within the sub-region, thereby acquiring some supranational posture. For instance, in December 2010, the ECOWAS Authority of Heads of State and Government threatened to take measures including the use of legitimate force to remove the President of Côte d’Ivoire, Laurent Gbagbo for refusing to concede defeat at the Presidential elections and hand over power to the internationally acclaimed winner, Alhassane Dramane Ouatarra. This paper examines the global dynamics that are propelling this trend and explains the factors responsible for supranational authority of ECOWAS. Using qualitative data and analysis, the paper argues that the adoption, codification and implementation of international norms and neo-liberal precepts on democracy, good governance and human rights by ECOWAS since the end of the Cold War have enabled it to establish its supranational authority in West Africa.Item Decency movement (Sovaniya Andolan): timeless movement from Odisha, India(Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2014) Dash, B.B.Odisha is a coastal state in the eastern part of India. Several pioneering movements have hitherto spread over Odisha through the eras and Decency Movement is one of them, which began in Odisha in 1962. From the last five decades, the movement continues with the mission to bring a blissful reform, to set up global peace in the society and to establish a decent world. This study tries to know the genesis of the movement, its objectives and activities, the process of mass mobilization and its institutionalization, and its need of the hour and acceptance. History gives an account of the mission of the movement, the nobility of the mission, and its timelessness. After bereavement of Kumar Bhai, the founder-leader, the movement still continues. This qualitative study is based on the historiography method. Going through the old records of the movement and diaries of Kumar Bhai, it is found that the very essence of decency movement i.e. Atma-Suddhi Sangha (Self-Purification Society) has slowed down and Sovaniya Sikshyashram (School of Decency) has been geared up.Item An Overview on Education and Gender Inequalities in Yunnan and Manipur(Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2014) Aveivey, D.The rapid economic growth in China and India during the last two decades is unparalleled in modern history. However, this economic dividend accruing from the high growth was not evenly distributed among the people. These marginalized sections in these parts remain disgruntled to threaten to disturb the social-political stability, thereby posing a challenge to the leadership in Beijing and New Delhi. Having seen the inequalities in both the countries, I’m convinced to study the Yunnan province of Southwestern part of China and Manipur from Northeastern part of India, taking China and India to map the broad contours in comparing education and gender inequalities between the two provinces. Education is expected to play a significant role in bringing classes and groups together and promotes an egalitarian society. The government of both the countries also made an attempt to encourage female literacy, which has a direct impact on several socio-economic indicators for development. But in spite of all these efforts, education remains a huge gap to a vast section of society particularly the marginalized and girl child. The rate of enrolment may be negligible at primary level but as it goes to higher level the disparities or gap becomes wider. The rate of enrolment may be high at some level but this does not confirm the quality of education and the rate of retention at the end of the academic year especially in rural and mountainous region of both the provinces. Therefore, the present paper is intended to study the inequalities which prevail in Southwestern China and the Northeastern part of India. Stratification in society is normal and inevitable, and it functions to maintain stability in a given society. But the gap should not be too wide as the provinces are facing today. Rather we must thrive to reduce inequalities which are built into the system over the years.