Symposia & Conferences
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Item Productive Efficiency of Culture-based Fisheries Production in Village Irrigation Systems of Sri Lanka(Reviewing International Encounters 2018,The Research Center for Social Sciences (RCSS), University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Kularatne, M.G.; Wilson, C.; Robinson, T.; Pascoe, S.Over half of growing global aquaculture production being produced in freshwater ponds and tanks. Asia is the highest global consumer and epicenter of fresh water aquaculture production. Unique Inputs of fresh water fish production in Sri Lanka are multiple use of man-made Common property water bodies fixed in capacity, centralised fish breeding, group labour and collective agreements, natural organic feedings. The development of culture-based fisheries (CBFs) based on stocking fish fingerlings in village irrigation systems (VISs) has grown in popularity over the last three decades. CBF production has been given a high priority in Sri Lanka given fish are a cheap source of animal protein for rural low-income communities. Despite the growing popularity of CBFs associated with VISs, there is little knowledge about factors that influence productivity levels. Therefore, this is the first attempt to investigate on factors influence of technical efficiency of CBF production in Sri Lanka. Primary data from 325 fish farming groups in two districts (Kurunegala and Anuradhapura) are used to estimate a stochastic translog production frontier for CBF production. Analysis of these data indicates that technical efficiency in these irrigation systems is substantially lower than in other aquaculture production systems in a number of other Asian countries, suggesting that production can be increased substantially using existing technology. Removing subsidies, improving consultation with extension officials, and improving water user rights are found to be key means for improving efficiency. In particular, productivity could potentially be improved through the introduction of a transferable community quota system for water rights useItem The Most Influential Factors on Youth Female Unemployment Incidences in a Sri Lanka(4th International Conference on Social Sciences 2018, Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Perera, K.B.P.; Kularatne, M.G.; Wehigaldeniya, W.G.D.S.Unemployment is one of the key measures of economic health. The unemployment rate indicates the degree of usage of productive resources available in an economy. Everyone would be employed at some wage to maximize the efficiency of an economy. The Purpose of this study is to identify the most influential factors behind the high rate of youth female unemployment incidences in Sri Lanka. The secondary data, concepts and definitions used in annual report of Labour Force Survey (LFS) in 2015which has conducted by Department of Census and Statistics (DCS) is used for this study. The data analysed most influential factor of the youth female unemployment incidences in Sri Lanka based on the analysis of Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s Chi Square test and independent sample T-test.The research revealed that independent variables such as Sector, Province, Ethnicity, Religion, Marital status, Family size, Number of dependents, Relation to the household head, Monthly income level, Educational level, Literacy in English/Tamil and Completion of training relevant to occupation or selfemployment are influential factors of the Youth female unemployment incidences of Sri Lanka. However, among those factors Monthly family income is the most influential factor. Other than the Monthly family income Province, Level of education and Completion of relevant training program are also more influential factors rather than other categorical variables. In addition to categorical variables, Family size and Number of dependents also more influential factors on Youth female unemploymentItem Energy Poverty in the transition from a Lower Income to a Middle-Income Country with special reference to Sri Lanka(4th International Conference on Social Sciences 2018, Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Musafer, N.; Kularatne, M.G.The Paris Climate Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals of 2015 have clearly identified energy access as a pre-requisite to achieving broader development goals. Sri Lanka, having a per capita GDP of USD 3,835 (2016), and a national poverty headcount ratio of 6.7% (2012/13), is a lower middle-income country, with significant progress in human development, and social indicators. This paper investigates into the shifts in energy consumption behaviour with the transition of Sri Lanka to a lower middle-income country, and the presence of energy poverty in the country using secondary data. Poverty and energy deprivation go hand-in-hand. Energy poverty yet to be clear define with a consensus, it is ill defined, complex and multidimensional concept and not adequately captured or measured in a single quantitative indicator. Energy poverty is hard to compare between two nations due to heterogeneity of the inherent characteristics. In Sri Lanka, per capita consumption of household cooking fuel has increased from 171kg to 252 kg of LPG equivalent from fuelwood, LPG and kerosene from 2003/04 to 2012/13, while per capita domestic electricity consumption has been maintained around 226 kWh and 210 kWh respectively. Using per capita threshold values for cooking fuel as 35kg of LPG or equivalent and 120kWh of electricity to be energy poor. In the meantime, Sri Lanka has maintained lower levels of energy intensity compared to other similar nations. As for electricity consumption by the domestic sector, the per capita household electricity consumption for lighting and other general purposes has also declined from 226kWh to 210kWh per capita from 2003/04 to 2012/13 respectively. One major reason for the reduction could be the use of energy efficient appliances, but this behavior is contrary to some other studies. In conclusion, considering a threshold of 120kWh of electricity per capita to define energy poverty, again Sri Lanka demonstrate that she has not been an energy poverty nation during latter part of it being a low income developing country.Item Labour Movement from Private Sector to Public Sector and Drivers of Labour Movement in Sri Lanka(4th International Conference on Social Sciences 2018, Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Withanage, H.H.; Kularatne, M.G.Labour movement, especially seeking employment opportunities from one sector to another is a very common factor in the era of globalization. In the mixed economic system, labour moves between private sector and the public sector and vice versa. In the study “Labour Movement from Private Sector to Public Sector and Drivers of Labour Movement in Sri Lanka” it is intended to investigate the labour movement direction from private sector to public sector. The output will be compared with the findings on the literature that will help to prove the hypothesis of the research. The data was collected from purposely selected one public institute and two institutes of private sector using a questionnaire survey. A total of 27 employees from the Public Sector and 24 employees from the Private Sector were selected using systematic random sampling method. This represented 20% of the total population. The research revealed that 41% workers wished to move to the private sector from public sector while 71% workers wished to move from private sector to public sector. In conclusion, it clearly empasized that more labourers in the private sector prefers to move to the public sector in Sri Lanka due to reasons such as pension, number of holidays, working hours, credit facilities and job securityItem Technical Efficiency of Small Scale Dairy Farming in Sri Lanka(Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Sheromiha, S.; Kularatne, M.G.The lack of understanding of technical efficiency of small scale dairy farming could have a far-reaching consequence on the productivity and profitability of the farms, and the potentially restricts the need to boost the dairy production. Therefore, this study assesse technical efficiency of smallholder dairy farmers and the factors that cause technical inefficiency. Stochastic frontier production function has estimated from the data collected on the management practices and general information from randomly selected 60 farms in Kosgama Veterinary range in Seethawaka Divisional Secretariat of Colombo District Sri Lanka. The study reveals that mean technical efficiency is 45 with the efficiency range from 40 to 55 indicating that, the dairy farmers were not fully technically efficient. The result also shows that, farmers’ educational level, extension service, years of farmer experience, main source of income, training received, land utilized for fodder and milking frequency have significantly influenced on the technical efficiency. Farmer age, farm size, shad and number of animal are statistically independent variables on technical efficiency. Almost all farmers in Kosgama veterinary range have adopted intensive system with feeding of poor quality grass and concentrates. The average milk production amounted to 60 per cent of the mean daily total of 11.0 litres per cow with average lactating days 250. We conclude that milk production and productivity of small scale farm in Sri Lanka is not significantly effective. It is obvious that if dairy farming is to be a technically efficient sector, there is a need for the small scale farmers to consider dairying as a commercial enterprise and at the same time to link themselves with the large scale dairy farms.Item Consumer’s knowledge, attitudes and willingness to pay (WTP) for co-compost produced by Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)(Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Shantha, K.M.S.U.; Kularatne, M.G.Improper MSW management and over use of agro-chemicals have become burning issues in Sri Lanka. Most of the Sri Lankan Local Authorities (LAs) have continuously disposed their wastes without adequate segregation or treatment to open bare lands or environmentally sensitive areas like river banks and marshy lands. Co-composting can be the most suitable method of MSW management in mainly agricultural areas in Sri Lanka. However, composting from MSW was not succeed due to low quality and poor marketing strategies. Therefore, this study measured potential market price for co-compost and analysed attitude of compost use by bio-degradable wastes of MSW. Pretested structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 60 compose users selected using simple random sampling method from five Grama Niladari Divisions in Haputhale Divisional Secretary Divisions in Nuwaraeliya District in Sri Lanka. Contingent valuation method was used to estimate WTP of compost users by offering bids for unit price of co-composted fertilizer. The study revealed that 55% of compost users accepted bid value 10 SLRs per one kilogram of co-composted fertilizer. Age, education level, monthly total income, knowledge level about compost and experience of compost usage were the basic factors effecting for the WTP. A total of 72% of them had positive attitudes on agricultural and, environmental benefits with the relevant quality parameters of compost. There were 77% of respondents who stated their preference to buy co-composted fertilizer produced by using MSW. Co-composting of bio-degradable waste of MSW can be recommended as a sustainable and economical solution for MSW management. Co-composing can be a unique solution for the agricultural areas. However, potential technologically advanced co-composting methods such as environmental recycle system is recommended to be materialised as the findings of this study.Item Influence of Demand on investment in Composting by Solid Waste (Case in Gampaha District)(Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Madhusanka, T.U.; Kularatne, M.G.Organic fertilizer production using solid waste is a growing method of composing today. However, large scale investments on production of organic fertilizer in many of developing countries including Sri Lanka have not met the optimum level. This study investigated the impact of the demand on the investments of the Compost production. Price Demand Elasticity and Cross Demand Elasticity performed using the primary data were collected from five organic fertilizer producers and thirty five organic fertilizer users randomly selected in five Divisional Secretary Divisions in Gampaha district in 2014. We claimed that the main reason for the low level of investment in organic fertilizer industry in Sri Lanka is the change in demand of organic fertilizer with respect to the price changing of chemical fertilizer. The government policy on fertilizer subsidy should be revised in order to promote environmentally friendly agriculture without harming the total agricultural productivity in order to improve the investments on organic fertilizer production.Item Waste investments: factors influence on the investment in organic fertilizer production in Sri Lanka(The Research Center for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Madhushanka, T.U.; Kularatne, M.G.Item රබර් වගාව ආශ්රිත වතු ශ්රමිකයින්ගේ ආර්ථිකය (පැල්මඩුල්ල ගොඩගම ග්රාම නිලධාරී වසම ඇසුරින්)(Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2015) Dunusinghe, D.D.S.G.D.; Kularatne, M.G.Item නාගරික ජනතාවගේ අධ්යාපන මට්ටම සහ ඉලෙක්ට්රොනික අපද්රව්ය කළමනාකරණය පිළිබඳ දක්වන ආකල්ප පිළිබඳ අධ්යයනය(Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2015) Chanaka, T.N.; Kularatne, M.G.