Symposia & Conferences
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Item Socio-economic Impact of Brain drain in Sri Lanka(3rd National Research Conference on Applied Social Statistics (NRCASS – 2017), 2017) Samarasinghe, K. N.People leave their motherland away from family and friends, in search of adventure, better economic prospects and to obtain better professional opportunities and a higher standard of living. International migration provides more benefits not only to the employers but also to their families and their country. Large scale migration of highly educated, skilled people of developing countries to highly rich and developed countries is called Brain-Drain. A relatively larger proportion of skilled Srilankan labours have migrated in the few last years. So that it is evident that Srilanka is mostly affected by this brain drain. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify social economic impact of brain drain in Srilanka. The study is based on the primary data which was collected through questionnaires from 100 migrated skilled labours and secondary data from Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment. The data was analyzed by using SPSS. The survey revealed that, political instability, lack of autonomy academic freedom, lack of career opportunities are the pull factors for the emigration to developed countries. In economic perspective, as a result of fewer productive educational funds, worse health care system, unemployment and inflation, country becomes a poor state. Besides Regional inequalities, strains on families and gender roles are costs of emigration. The Brain-Drain generates the Foreign Direct Investment to the country and increase the global economies. There are both negative and positive impacts of human capital flight.Item The Impacts of Economic Development by Multinational Corporations on Developing Countries.(1st International Studies Students’ Research Symposium-2017 (ISSRS 2017) ,Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Mallawaarachchi, R.P.In today’s global economy Multinational Corporations (MNCs) are playing an important role especially in emerging markets. The simplest definition of a multinational corporation is an enterprise which possesses at least one unit of production in a foreign country .These Transnational Companies are referred to as “big business” and “engine of economic growth” where social welfare or human right concerns are purposely ignored. MNCs are subjected to changes in international exchange rates, tariffs, duties, and restrictions on trade. Previous research has identified the impact of MNCs on the economic situation of developing countries. Especially on the basis of Solow model, the positive effect on economic growth of all tested samples has been identified, but the economic growth in very poor countries tends to be less affected by the presence of Foreign Direct Investment than in middle income economies. The economic role of MNCs is simply to channel physical and financial capital to countries with capital shortages. By improving the efficiency of capital flows, MNCs reduce world poverty levels and provide a positive externality that is consistent with the United Nations’ (UN) mission. This is critically important for emerging markets as the sole purpose of their policy framework is to achieve increased levels of economic development for their county. The research has gathered secondary data through reports, books, online magazines, online videos and journal articles which have been analyzed using the case study method to express the researcher’s opinions on the given incidents. Therefore signifies the role of developing states’ policies towards MNCs and has suggested suitable recommendations for the review of policy changes. The findings from the case studies of Coca-Cola in India, Shell in Nigeria, Uniliver in Pakistan and Nike in Indonesia highlight the MNCs’ involvements into the internal situations in developing countries and how MNCs discourage the development of developing countries in present.Item Asian Information Philosophy for E- Learning; Case of Open and Distance Education in Sri Lanka(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Jinadasa, M.A difference that makes a difference is defined as Information by Gregory Bateson (1972). Information Philosophy is a modern discipline of thecritical investigation of the conceptual nature and basic principles of information, including its dynamics, utilization and sciences andthe elaboration and application of information-theoretic and computational methodologies to philosophical problems ( Floridi,2003) merging of both Philosophy and Information Sciences. Information philosophy has been developed as a result of the amalgamation of Artificial Intelligence, Computer Sciences, Neurosciences, Cognitive Sciences, Mathematics, Physics and Philosophy. Cybernetics is one of the interesting contributions made by Norbert Wiener, Alan Turing, William Ross Ashby, Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver in the mid 20th century, when they had to explore the telecommunication and information channels for American Bell Company. Luciano Floridi in 1990 termed this as Philosophy of Information. Despite of the fact the e- learning, which is introduced for third world countries (in recent higher education modification policies) as an effective mode of education, it is highly found in the western philosophy that provides a plat form of non-local remote culture and behavior of human. However, this study tries to explore the contents and capacities of Asian information philosophy, so that application of e- learning could be possible with sustainable and productive implementation that avoids the differences and limitation on non-grounded philosophy for local clients. Assuming that if there is a proper understanding on the Asian information theory, that discusses the existing cognitive and neuro-linguistic apparatuses, it could be possible to manage the existing issues emerging in the phase of initiating E- learning in the open and distance education system for Sri Lanka. For this study it is used first a conceptual and analytical exposition on what is Asian Infroamtion Philosophy and How it is content on our traditions and philosophies, and second, to search for necessary avenues for implementing e-leaning on the proposed audiences, it uses on-going and well as received responses and existing applications of the case of Open and Distance Education program of the University of Kelaniya.Item The Role of Transnational Corporations (TNCs) in the Context of Developing Countries(University of Kelaniya, 2005) Pathirage, J.M.P.The globalization and the resulting rapid growth of economic interdependence are the recent phenomena with the inflow of foreign direct investment and the worldwide operation of transnational corporations. Private foreign investment is made mostly by multinational corporations, which are also referred to as Transnational Corporations (TNCs). Their role in the world economy has changed the volume and the direction of international business since 1980s. TNCs have played a leading role as investors, traders and disseminators of technology. Beyond that the distinguishing role of TNCs is that they organize the production process internationally by placing their affiliates worldwide under the common governance system. Their economic impact can be measured in different ways. In 2002, foreign affiliates accounted for about 54 million employees compared to 24 million in 1990. Their sales were about $ 18 trillion in 2002. Compared to 1990, the stock of outward FDI increased from $1.7 trillion to 6.8 trillion in 2002. Foreign affiliates now account for one tenth of world GDP and one third of world exports. However, there are some critical views on TNCs and their activities in developing countries. For examples, it is argued that TNCs using their branding and marketing practices to create heavy competition on domestic production and drive out the local firms in developing countries. When the government of the host country is in a weak and ineffective position, TNCs can evade the laws, abuse its market power and try to neglect their social responsibilities and business ethics which are harmful to developing countries. TNCs are also blamed of eroding the national culture of the host countries and thereby blurring national identity. Further, some argue that sales promotion and advertising methods of TNCs undermine the local cultural standards and value systems. Besides, TNCs can move production and operation from a country to another country due to changes in the environment and perception of risk and also their automation, mergers and acquisition, downsizing and relocation of industries that lead to create and increase unemployment and lower wages, especially in developing countries. TNCs are also criticized in relation to their production system, which tend to environmental destruction and depletion of local resources in host economies. Under the circumstances, policy response of the government is very essential in minimizing the unfavourable effects of FDI and TNCs in developing countries including Sri Lanka. At the same time, development coalitions need to be pursued not only at the national level, but also at the global level.