Symposia & Conferences
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Item The Impact of Economic Development on Poverty Reduction in Sri Lanka(4th National Research Conference on Applied Social Statistics, Social Statistics Students’ Association, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Abeyrathne, R.M.D.H.This paper attempts to investigate the impact of economic development on poverty reduction in Sri Lanka in the context of achieving the first sustainable development goal (SDG) “No Poverty: End poverty in all its forms everywhere”. Development is a multifaceted process of achieving economic, social and political wellbeing of people. The Human Development Index (HDI) for Sri Lanka in 2017 marked 0.77 points and the 76th place from 189 countries. It is an appreciative position in the South Asian region. Thus, development is measured concerning education, life expectancy and health status and contribution to GDP. Western province including commercial capital Colombo contributes 42.8% to the GDP in 2012 and it is the least poor province in the country. The least GDP contribution (3.7%) is by North province in 2012 which is recorded as the poorest province in the country. As usual western province marks highest contribution to GDP in 39.7% in 2016 while North province remains the least contributor by 4.2%. As a result, western province (39.7%) Central province (10.5%) that claims larger portions of GDP, claim higher benefits from development process. According to 2008, World Bank report, Western province including Colombo is an upper middle income country and the rest of the country is a lower middle income country. Therefore, the provinces with less contribution to the GDP remain underdeveloped areas that lack health and educational achievements. The sectoral analysis depicts poverty as an issue related to estate sector due its continuous large figures. In 2009/10 partial poverty is 5.3% in urban sector,9.4% in rural sector and 11.4% in estates. In 2016, urban and rural sectors have minimised into 1.9% and 4.3% respectively. Although reduced into 8.8% in 2016 estate sector still marks the highest figure. Therefore, encouraging private enterprises in urban sector, improving educational levels and employment choices in estates, facilitating loans and provide guidelines for SME can be suggested to reduce poverty in order to achieve increase partial contribution to the GDP. When each province contributes to GDP in an equal approach, the distribution of benefits will assure a comfortable life standard devoid of povertyItem The Impacts of Economic Development by Multinational Corporations on Developing Countries.(1st International Studies Students’ Research Symposium-2017 (ISSRS 2017) ,Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Mallawaarachchi, R.P.In today’s global economy Multinational Corporations (MNCs) are playing an important role especially in emerging markets. The simplest definition of a multinational corporation is an enterprise which possesses at least one unit of production in a foreign country .These Transnational Companies are referred to as “big business” and “engine of economic growth” where social welfare or human right concerns are purposely ignored. MNCs are subjected to changes in international exchange rates, tariffs, duties, and restrictions on trade. Previous research has identified the impact of MNCs on the economic situation of developing countries. Especially on the basis of Solow model, the positive effect on economic growth of all tested samples has been identified, but the economic growth in very poor countries tends to be less affected by the presence of Foreign Direct Investment than in middle income economies. The economic role of MNCs is simply to channel physical and financial capital to countries with capital shortages. By improving the efficiency of capital flows, MNCs reduce world poverty levels and provide a positive externality that is consistent with the United Nations’ (UN) mission. This is critically important for emerging markets as the sole purpose of their policy framework is to achieve increased levels of economic development for their county. The research has gathered secondary data through reports, books, online magazines, online videos and journal articles which have been analyzed using the case study method to express the researcher’s opinions on the given incidents. Therefore signifies the role of developing states’ policies towards MNCs and has suggested suitable recommendations for the review of policy changes. The findings from the case studies of Coca-Cola in India, Shell in Nigeria, Uniliver in Pakistan and Nike in Indonesia highlight the MNCs’ involvements into the internal situations in developing countries and how MNCs discourage the development of developing countries in present.Item The National Strategy for small and medium enterprise sectors development in Sri Lanka(Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Vijayanathan, S.; Arulchellakumar, J.A.Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) generate large number of of employment, contributing to the evolution of GDP, begin on inventions and inspiring of other economic event. When analyzing the current contribution of this sector in the national economy, one sees limited success in the region. One needs to know as to what are the specific factors/reasons to engage in Entrepreneurship/self-employment activity? Is it poverty or the government policy through its welfare or subsidy that facilitate small scale Industry activity. Are there personal characteristics of individuals such as personal traits, skills and risk bearing ability for engaging in small business to achieve their economic development goals. The Objective of this study is to examine the factors determining the success of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Sri Lanka, and to develop possible policy choices on how to enhance the success of SMEs in Sri Lanka.in our attempt to find the suitable methods for collecting the much needed information for our research one method is used. A qualitative analysis on previous researchers’ methodology (Secondary data) is applied and then the experience gained from SMEs economics related research projects undertaken in Sri Lanka is used. It is important for the researcher to consider various research paradigms while deciding on the methods to be used in the study. Having understood the positive impact of SMEs development on economic growth, and many countries are putting a lot of efforts to develop this vital sector. But the contribution of SMEs to the national economy in Sri Lanka is still low when compared with the other developed and developing countries in the region. Therefore, there is an urgent need to further improve the inherent capacities and capabilities of these industries to be efficient suppliers.Item Investigation of Stock Market Development and Financial Leverage of Corporate Firms: An Emerging Market Experience(University of Kelaniya, 2005) Weerakoon Banda, Y.K.This study assesses the relevancy of stock market development to the financial structure of firms in Sri Lanka, paying emphasis to the hypotheses derived from various theories. The investigation uses cross-sectional tests. They include regression and correlation based empirical models to examine the effect of stock market development on the financing pattern of the firms. The investigation led to the main conclusions that: (a) the Sri Lankan firms’ financing decisions rely initially on external financing and on new equity issues to finance their growth net equity taking advantage of the low cost of capital in conjunction with the increases in the stock price (the adjustment is faster where the firms suffer from internally generated free-cash); (b) when the emerging stock markets develop in the country, the financial leverage ratios will generally fall reflecting both the higher proportion of equity, and the debt and equity as complementary sources. In order to promote further stock market development and to provide a variant of efficient finance options to the firms, markets must observe various basic securities markets functions, and those should be implemented through laws and regulations as well as through a number of commonly accepted practices viewed from a trade development perspective not merely as disciplinary function.