Symposia & Conferences
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Item A Study of Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in the Community Development Process in Rural Areas in Sri Lanka(4th International Conference on Social Sciences 2018, Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Panampitiya, W.M.G.Community development is a significant development strategy which has been discussed in the development discourse to address small social groups in the society. Community development is a social process of where community members come together to take collective action, planning and making decisions to generate solutions to common problems. But, it is not a sole effort of the community and government intervention is significant to provide and improve structural resources and infrastructure facilities in the process of community development. Government often get provision for that through foreign aids and foreign loans. In this matter, it is essential alternative institutional interventions in the development process and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are one of significant alternative intervention in the modern scenario of development path. NGOs have efficient administrative structure and specialized skills and strategies to closely work with the community. Therefore, it is important to identify contribution of NGOs in the community development process. Accordingly, this study mainly intended to identify operational patterns of NGOs in the process of community development and to study about the effects of programmes which launch by NGOs for the uplifting sustainability of standards of living of the people. Survey method and functional methods were used to investigate operational patterns and effects of community development programmes of NGOs. The empirical study was conducted in two Grama Niladari Divisions of Nawagaththegama Divisional Secretariat Division in Sri Lanka. Data were collected from 50 households based on purposive sampling. Questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and observation were used as primary data collection techniques. Programmes related to livelihood health and nutrition, education and empowerment and also community effects of them and relationship between government and NGO sector for implementing those programmes have been analyzed critically through this study. Based on the findings, it has suggested that programmes related to empower human potentials and skills to sustain livelihood of people are significant to introduce rather than focusing social welfare and effective integrated approach between state and NGO sector is important in order to absorb full potentials of community members into development discourse through empowering capacities, skills, and strengthsItem Livelihood Deprived? A critical Analysis of Livelihood in Acquisition of Private Lands in South Asia(Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) de Silva, D.There is no doubt it would be threatening and frightening on anybody whose land is acquired. In the post war era, country is geared towards development and priority has been given to development of infrastructure. For this purpose the private lands are aquired by the state. In the recent past Mattala Airport, Southern Expressway, Hambantota Harbour and Uma Oya Project are some of the projects where private lands were acquired to a larger extent. These land acquisitions has clearly omitted the value of products of the lands in paying compensation. However majority of these acquired lands offered many livelihood choices despite its size. This scenario has created social and economic impacts on people’s life. Among the affected people majority was the rice farmers and others who engaged in subsistence agriculture. In some instances they are either resettled in an alien place where there is not link between their livelihood and land or sometimes not even compensation is paid for the lost livelihood which was totally based on the land. The main objective of this research is to examine the possible inadequacies of the LAA that deal with livelihood and to explore strong justifications in considering livelihood in acquisition of lands in Sri Lanka. This research is mainly a qualitative research in which books, journal articles and websites are used as secondary sources and statutes, decided cases, conventions, information gathered through relevant authorities and companies are used as primary sources. Furthermore, a comparative legal analysis on consideration of livelihood in acquisition of lands was conducted with India in reaching recommendations and conclusions. Drawing examples from India where livelihood is considered to a broader extent, the author argues that disposal and produce of lands should be considered in assessing compensation and also the need to consider the previous livelihood in the resettlement process.Item Livelihood in the post war under rehabilitation, special reference to Mannar District(Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Peiris, M.J.D.In thirty years period conflict became as main actor in Sri Lankan socio economic and political backgrounds. As the consequences of the conflict, Sri Lankan main streams had harmful damages. These damages directly affected to the development. North and Eastern province are the most conflict affected regions in Sri Lanka. North was the first conflict affected region. Eastern is the totally different from when comparing with North, conflict vulnerability totally wiped out from the Eastern province. Besides, this research is based on the study of the livelihood and the general attitudes they are having now about the current situation in Sri Lanka. Hence, the main objective of this research is to identify the core categories of the rehabilitation process and its significance pertaining to livelihood, its standards as well as to identity the improvement areas within the context of rehabilitation, North Sri Lanka. The universe and the sample are gathered from the area of Illuppaikadavai, Mannar district, Sri Lanka, an area where the war affected people lives. Both primary and secondary data were used to conduct this research. Primary data were collected through questionnaires from 35 data contributors and through interviews. The study problem is to ascertain as to how the living standards of the general civilians and the view they hold in the post war context. Quantitative data were presented through the summary of the results for the statistical tests through charts and graphs when necessary. Finally it could be concluded as the livelihood in Illupaikadavai has a high incident of poverty and making physical infrastructure needs but their lives have been enhanced than in the war era. Although the development work will not suffice thus, educational values and moral values should be given priority. Action should be taken to change the mentality. At the same time they must be made to realize that all are Sri Lankans and of that one family.Item Socio economic impact of retirement benefits on active ageing of pensioners’ community: special reference with public sector pensioners in Gampaha district(Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Waniganeththi, W.V.W.G.Sri Lanka is experiencing a significant increase of ageing population. Old age economic insecurity is one of the main social and economic challenges in Sri Lanka. Elderly persons have been facing difficulties of paying their expenses in their old age such as medical expenses, utility bills, foods, housing, transportation costs and etc. The pension fund is a one of the social security systems which save the future of elderly after retirement from the public sector workforce. As a result of the increasing cost of living, pension entitlements are much less generous today and majority of elders face a serious risk of pensioner poverty. The main objective of this study is to identify the contribution of the pension fund to uplift the quality of life of the pensioners’ community. The methodology of this study; conduct a survey of 50 pensioners and 10 case studies with pensioners in Mahara Divisional Secretariat in Gampaha District. The findings revealed that the pensioners spend their retirement benefit for their own requirements and also that their family member’s requirements. The pension fund is not sufficient to overcome their economic hardship later in life. The socio economic wellbeing is at a low level in pensioners except for the executive level and high rank positions. Pensioners continuing saving in financial institutions engage in extra livelihood activities to fulfill their needs.