Junior Academic Staff Symposium
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Item An Analysis of the Post-Effects of Development Projects in Sri Lanka: With Reference to Mattala Airport and Magampura Mahinda Rajapaksha Port(Staff Development Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Gunasekara, K.D. Helani; Banda, H.M. NawarathnaDeveloping countries need to focus on extensive infrastructure provision in order to achieve and sustain a stable economic growth and aspire towards the standards of the developed economies. In their intention to achieve this objective, developing countries face two major constraints: unavailability of indigenous technology, knowledge and financial resources. Therefore, most of the developing countries bridge this gap between resources, technology and the required level of development by providing investment opportunities for foreign or external parties. The Mattala International Airport and the Magampura Mahinda Rajapaksa Port are two of the development projects funded by foreign countries to fulfill the development requirements of Sri Lankan Economy. Moreover, evaluating of development projects by the post-effects was provided as an accepted measurement in previous studies. Therefore, to identify the demographic attributes of the population and assess the post-effects of Mattala International Airport Project and Hambantota Port Project on Economic Factors, Social Factors and Environmental Factors the study employed secondary data which was based on a previous field survey. The sample consisted of 200 residents within 25kms from the Mattala Airport and the Hambantota Port. Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software and according to the analysis negative effects (insufficient employment opportunities, inappropriate job coordination methods, insufficient compensation for land expropriation, noise pollution, increase of wild elephant attacks) and positive effects (self-employment opportunities, increase in tourist arrivals) of these development projects were identified. Therefore, appropriate policy framework should be implemented to mitigate negative effects and benefited through positive effects of these projects in the future.Item An Attempt to Build a Sri Lankan Identity by Using Culture-Centered Soft Power in International Public Relations: with Special Reference to Sri Lanka and South Korea(Staff Development Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Indupa Madurasinghe, DasiniInternational public relations are about practicing public relations strategies in foreign nations, with the objective of building good relationships with the public in that particular nation. Soft Power can be recognized as a power that is produced by cultural resources, political values, and foreign policies of a country. It is the power that countries use to get the attraction of foreign public without coercion or payments. In the globalized world, soft power strategies are heavily used in international public relations. Especially in Asian countries, culture-centered soft power is used in building relationships with other Asian countries. Therefore, this research was conducted with the main objective of identifying the possibility of using culture-centered soft power in Sri Lankan international public relations. The data collection process was conducted according to qualitative methodology and data were obtained through interviewing South Koreans working in Sri Lanka. The findings showed that a majority of the participants have a positive opinion on Sri Lankan culture, especially on the Buddhist culture, proving the possibility of using culture-centered soft power in building international public relations between Sri Lanka and South Korea.Item Buddhist Therapeutic Methods for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder or Doubt (Vicikicchā)(Staff Development Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Kalyana Thero, KadawalaweweDoubt is interpreted as a way of knowing or reasoning doubt in the philosophy, and it is a basic symptom that causes different kinds of mental illnesses such as anxiety, stress, and depression in psychology. According to DSM, the reason for doubt has been discussed under the disorders of obsessive-compulsive disorders. Those disorders have been named as (OCD) Obsessive Compulsive Disorders. Vicikicchā is the term used in Pāli Cannon to express the meaning of doubt in Buddhism. The major objective of this research study is to introduce some therapeutic methodologies to overcome it because it has been pointed out as a mental illness by the Buddha himself in a large number of discourses. The data from the primary and secondary sources related to the field are collected through the libraries and discussed with scholars in the field. The data analysis method of the research is descriptive method. According to the evidence of both Buddhism and modern psychology, the doubt is considered as a mental illness. Psychiatric methods are used to cure this disease in psychology, but the Buddha has recommended a variety of mental therapeutic methods. Buddhist psychology extend far beyond than modern psychology, because modern psychologists still have not accepted doubt as a mental disease but just as a basic symptom that causes many mental illnesses. Doubt can be completely eliminated by using Buddhist psychiatry. Buddha has pointed out listening to the preaching (Dhammassavana) wise attention (Yonisomanasikāra), The Four Noble Truths and Patticcasamuppāda, the theory of ‘dependent origination’ or the principle of causality and other methods. According to Buddhism, it is concluded that doubt is a serious mental disease and that it can be fully eliminated by using the above-mentioned methods. If anybody practices these methods, she/he will succeed in this life as well as after death.Item The Conceptualization of the Impact of Perceived Background Music on Customer Loyalty Change in Recreational Dining(Staff Development Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Abeykoon, A.M.S.J.P.This research study focuses on the conceptualization of the impact of perceived background music on customer loyalty change in recreational dining. Researchers such as Raab (2013) have investigated the effect of customer loyalty change on noise in recreation dining. As well as background music that is used by fast- food restaurants is a key component for different purposes. However, there is a paucity of studies on the effect of background music used in recreation dining. In the Sri Lankan context, much research has been done on customer loyalty change in location and dining but there is a paucity of research on background music. Therefore, there is a lack in the knowledge domain in terms of conceptualization and construct development for further imperical studies in the field. The field of recreation restaurant management has not developed empirical tools to measure the impact of Perceived Background Music on Customer Loyalty Change in Recreational Dining with a particular concern in the Sri Lankan context. Therefore, this research study fills the gap in terms of the measurement Perceived Background Music's impact on Customer Loyalty Change in Recreational Dining. A qualitative approach has been adopted with thematic analysis methods to answer the research question along with the main objective. The PRISMA methodology coded the content of each of the 40 journal articles based on the themes to identify the latent idea of the phenomenon. Content and construct validity methods were used to confirm the items related to the factors. It was 8 items that were above the value of the content validity of individual items (I-CVI) than 0.8 out of 5 items originally developed. Only 5 items were agreed by raters which were at a level of 1 in terms of I-CVI. Any researchers who have an interest in the field of recreation dining, can use the conceptualized model which has 6 factors to measure the impact of Perceived Background Music on Customer Loyalty Change in Recreational Dining with empirical validation.Item Department of Film Production and the Arts(Staff Development Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Madhusanka, H. A. Gayanචිත්රපටයක් නිෂ්පාදනය කිරීමේදී කලා දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව නිර්මාණාත්මක ක්රියාවලියේ මුලික කාර්යයක් සිදුකරයි. විදේශීය චිත්රපටයක් ලංකාවේ නිෂ්පාදනය කිරීමේදී කලා දෙපාර්තමේන්තුවේ දේශීය ශිල්පීන් සහය ලබාදෙයි. විදේශීය නිශ්පාදන කණ්ඩායමක් ශ්රී ලංකාවේදී චිත්රපටයක් නිශ්පාදනය කිරීමේදී කලා දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව මුහුණදෙන ගැටලු මොනවාද? යන්න මෙම පර්යේෂණයේ ගැටලුව වේ. කලා දෙපර්තමේන්තුව මුහුණදෙන ගැටලු අධ්යයනය කිරීම මෙම පර්යේෂණයේ අරමුණ වේ. කලා දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව මුහුණදෙන ගැටලු සඳහා විසඳුම් ලබාදීම චිත්රපට කර්මාන්තයේ දියුණුව කෙරෙහි හේතුවේ. මෙම පර්යේෂණය ශ්රී ලංකාවේ රූගත කළ දීපා මෙහෙතා අධ්යක්ෂණය කළ ෆනී බෝයි චිත්රපටයට විශේෂිත සිදුකර ඇත. පර්යේෂණ ක්රමවේද ලෙස සහභාගීත්ව නිරීක්ෂණය සහ සම්මුඛ සාකච්ඡා සිදුකර ඇත. පරමාර්තගත සහ විනිශ්චයමය නියැදියට අනුව චිත්රපටයේ අධ්යක්ෂ දීපා මෙහෙතා, නිශ්පාදක ඬේවිඞ් හැමිල්ටන්, පිටපත් රචක ශ්යාම් සෙල්වදොරේ, නිශ්පාදන නිර්මාණකරු එරල් කෙලී, රංග භාණ්ඩ අංශ ප්රධාන සුජීව පරණහේවා, දර්ශනතල නිර්මාණකරු ලාල් හරින්ද්රනාත් සම්මුඛ සාකච්ඡාවට භාජනය කර ඇත. රැස් කරගත් ගුණාත්මක දත්ත සවිස්තරාත්මකව විශ්ලේෂණය කර ඇත. දර්ශනතලය සකස් කිරීම සඳහා අවශ්ය රංග භාණ්ඩ සපයා ගැනීම සඳහා නිසි ප්රමිතියකට අනුව සකස් වුණු රංග භාණ්ඩ නිවස්න ලංකාවේ නොමැතිවීම ප්රධාන ගැටලුවක් ලෙස නිරීක්ෂණය විය. මේ හේතුවෙන් කලා දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව සඳහා ඇස්තමේන්තුකර තිබෙන වියදම් අපේක්ෂිත සීමාව ඉක්මවා ඉහළ ගිය අතර අධ්යක්ෂවරිය වෙත තෝරාගැනීම් සඳහා අවස්ථා අවම විය. පිටපතේ නොමැති නමුත් අධ්යක්ෂවරිය ඉල්ලා සිටින රංග භාණ්ඩ සොයාගැනීමේ දුෂ්කරතා ඇතිවීම හේතුවෙන් ඉංදියාවෙන් ගෙන්වාගැනීමට තීරණය කළ අවස්ථාද ඇත. කලා දෙපාර්තමේන්තුවේ මුද්රිත රංග භාණ්ඩ සඳහා ශ්රී ලංකාවේ අවශ්ය ප්රකාශන අයිතීන් ලබාගැනීමේදී විධිමත් භාවිතයක් නොමැති බව නිරීක්ෂණය විය. කලා දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව මුහුණදෙන ගැටලු අවම කර ගැනීම සඳහා විධිමත්ව සකස් කරන ලද රංග භාණ්ඩ නිවස්නයක අවශ්යතවක් ඇත.Item The Determinants of Household Savings in Tea Smallholders: With Special Reference to Kotapola Divisional Secretariat Division of Matara District(Staff Development Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Chamika, T.P. DeepaniSaving is a part of disposable income of a certain period that has not been allocated to consumption. Household saving is the source of investment and is considered an important factor in economic growth. Tea is a major cash crop that is grown in Sri Lanka. Tea smallholding division has made the highest contribution to the overall tea output of Sri Lanka. Most studies have not been conclusive on the factors that influence savings among various households especially in the tea sector. The main objective of the present study was to explore important determinants of household saving in tea smallholders. The primary data was collected through a questionnaire from a sample of 50 tea smallholders who were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS). This study has used the multiple regression model to find out the determinants of savings of tea smallholders. The results revealed that socio-economic factors and the income were the major determinants of saving while demographic variables do not show significant association with the level of savings. But according to the results of t-test, there is a significant relationship between dependency ratio and household saving. Out of six independent variables only four variables are significant at probability levels. The saving behaviour of the study area is largely determined by the income of tea cultivation and income of extra crop cultivation. The study recommends to provide a standard price, to set up well equipped factories and enable proper schemes of saving that would encourage investments within the tea industry to grow with quality tea. Policies should be formulated to develop additional crops cultivation.Item An empirical Study about Fifty-Two Years of Organized Tourism in Sri Lanka (1966-2018)(Staff Development Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Yohani, A.K.D.TTourism industry will continue to be a key growth area for Sri Lanka. The economic potential of the industry is significant nowadays. Undoubtedly, it needs clear focus and attainable goals for the development. This research study aims to provide a backdrop for the development of tourism in Sri Lanka in relation to the Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes (WHTT) issues on tourism in Sri Lanka. The research study is an opportunity to reflect on the best path forward for the industry. Moreover, this research study is written in the context of a strategic question, “how might post-war in Sri Lanka develop inbound tourism?” A narrative approach is taken to cover a period of 52 years. The data collection of the study was completed according to the annual reports, interviews and the Tourism Management Information System (Database of arrival/departure statistics, annual economic indicators etc.) Research findings indicate how 46 years of war affected tourism in Sri Lanka resulting in low demand, low prices and a reputation as a cheap destination in the industry. Sri Lanka passed two milestones in its tourism history by emerging as a “million tourist destination” and a “billion dollar export income earner” in 2012. Tourism has the potential to emerge as a major export income earner in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka aims to attract four million tourists by 2020 as a future goal. To further develop the tourism industry, Sri Lanka must develop long-term plans, tourism master plans with inputs from all stakeholders. Tourism vision 2025 aims to position Sri Lanka strategically on the international tourism market, and to promote growth in tourism and the overall economy. Its goals include making tourism as the country’s second biggest generator of foreign exchange income and boosting sector employment to 1 million people. In conclusion, it can be stated that the past developments in the industry can be used to understand the path for future.Item An Empirical Study on Film Marketing Practice in Sri Lanka(Staff Development Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Ruwanpathirana, IlekaFilm is an art form which is basically to entertain people through visual storytelling. On the other hand, it is a business which has been a huge revenue driver in the entertainment industry. However, not all films achieve box office success with high profit margins. Success of a film depends on various functions and Film Marketing is one of them. There is also a need to focus on marketing in all the stages of a film’s life. Despite the very high number of Sri Lankan film halls, audience and film sales are very low. Moreover, it has been proven by researches that a majority of Sri Lankan film audiences prefer to consume foreign films including Hollywood, Bollywood and Kollywood films instead of Sri Lankan films. However, a cinema without an audience does not make any sense. This research study mainly examines the contemporary situation of film marketing practice in Sri Lanka. The need for a thorough investigation into the film marketing phenomenon was particularly evident from the literature review and exploratory research undertaken, as it showed that there are significant research gaps like methodological gap and practical gap. In response to these gaps, the research was performed based on qualitative strategy under deductive research approach. Primary data were gathered using in depth interviews with the key stakeholders of film industry. Sample was selected according to purposive and judgmental sampling technique and collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis method. In order to take particular account of the nature of film marketing practice in Sri Lanka, it combines the insights from contemporary production and consumption practice in the film industry with theoretical perspectives from Communication, Marketing, Film Marketing, Branding, Public Relations and Film Studies. Based on the data gathered from exploratory research and literature review, it was proven that though world’s most lucrative film industries have provided interesting case studies for Film Marketing, many Sri Lankans even those within the film industry, have no idea about the bigger picture of Film Marketing.Item Impact of Customer Perceived Value (CPV) on Tourists’ Re-Visit Intention in Sri Lanka(Staff Development Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Liyanage, L. N.Tourism has become the foremost source of industries and revenue generation because of the related links to the global economy. The revisiting of tourists is considered as one of the vital factors to the effective tourism industry. Thus, this research study attempts to study the customer perceived value associated with the revisiting intention of tourists in Sri Lanka. Moreover, this has been conducted at the premises of Bandaranaike International Airport, Sri Lanka. Questionnaires were distributed among 385 tourists using random sampling method. The study consisted of 1 dependent variable: Revisit Intention and 5 independent variables: functional value, emotional value, epistemic value, social value and conditional value. Dependent variables were selected based on the literature review. The attribution items were measured, using a 5-point Likert scale from 5= strongly agree to 1= strongly disagree. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression technique was used to estimate the impact of CPV on tourists’ satisfaction, and the Binary Logistic regression was used to test the impact of tourists’ satisfaction on their revisit intention to Sri Lanka. The results revealed that 77.2% of the variation in overall satisfaction was explained by all five variables together. In descending order of scale, Functional Value (��1 = 0. 698), Epistemic Value (��2 = 0. 421), Emotional Value (��3 = 0. 315), Conditional Value (��4 = 0. 192) and Social Value (��5 = 0. 082) were considered significant factors of the overall satisfaction of tourists. The logit model developed as a good predictor of R square of 0.685. The results showed that tourists who were satisfied with the perceived value 3.14 times more likely to re-visit than those dissatisfied. The key finding was that the selected variables correlate with the re- visitation of tourists. Therefore, the government and the respective companies must work together and resolve the problems that affect tourists’ revisit intention and also to educate the residents of Sri Lanka the importance of tourism which supports the economy.Item Impact of Maternal Condition on Autism Spectrum Disorder(Staff Development Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Serasinghe, HimalshiAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a kind of brain disorder which affect a child. Some of the studies done in relation to diagnosis of ASD indicates deficiencies in communication, social skills, a variety of interests and activities. Further, factors which affect ASD are still controversial. The aim of the study is to identify the maternal condition factors which affect ASD. To achieve the purpose of the research, 100 questionnaires were distributed to mothers who have ASD children. The sample was selected purposively from Reach beyond autism and child development centre which has a good reputation for the treatment of ASD children in Sri Lanka. Additionally, Descriptive statistical tools have been employed to analyze the quantitative data. Besides, this study used the Diagnostic and Statical Manual of mental disorder, 4th edition (DSM-iv) classification of ASD to diagnose the symptoms of Autistic Disorder. Furthermore, maternal condition has been identified based on the literature review. According to data, mothers who live in urban areas, whose monthly income is above 80 000 and mothers who had an experience of uncomfortable sleep during their pregnancy indicate high percentage of total sample and it is more than 80%. Further, more than 45% mothers who have ASD child had a degree rather than other educational qualification. Thus, mothers who experienced mental disorder (stress) and severe frustration during their pregnancy period consists of more than 18% of the total sample and the minimum percentage indicates physical diseases, unmanageable stress, getting trauma experience during their pregnancy period is less than 13% of the total sample. Based on the analyzed data, it could be concluded that a few of maternal conditions positively affect their child to grow up with ASD in the future.Item The Impact of Palaeo Climatic Changes in the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene on the Subsistence Patterns of the Early Humans in Sri Lanka(Staff Development Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Induma Digoarachchi, ChirathThere are many evidences recovered about the prehistoric man during the late Pleistocene period in Sri Lanka. That can be identified as the Mesolithic era of the human history. The modern Homo sapiens lived from about 50 000 ya to 6000 ya, subjected to specific climatic and temperature changes. Thus, according to the geological time scale, after shifting from the terminal Pleistocene to Holocene, there are evidences found on the extinction of the animals lived in Pleistocene. Aside from that, the sepeartion of the terrestrial land mass between India and Sri Lanka was also taken place 7000 ya. The desired time period of study for this research is from around 20 000 to 5000 ybp. Depending on the proxy that are been recognized up to date, there seems some turning points on the events like food patterns and domestication processes. The temperature variations, the location of habitats, floral and faunal reamains are mainly analysed to build up the conclusions. As a whole, it is clear that some features are gradually faded away with the progression of the early Stone Age. Preferentially, the changes in the floral and the faunal remains recovered at sites from different layers reflects the climatic changes and subsistent patterns that can be attributed to factors of nutrient intake, inter relationships and domestication of plants and animals. Further, these revolutionary conversions are expected to be supported straightly to the cognitive development of the human with future experiments.Item Importance of Traditional Cinnamon Cultivation on Rural Economy; A Study of Mulatiyana Divisional Secretariat, Matara District(Staff Development Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Deepthika, H.G.S.This study investigates the importance of traditional cinnamon cultivation on rural economy. It is a valuble spice plant in Sri Lanka. In 2017, the most exported crop in Sri Lanka was cinnamon and the exported quantity was 16967 metric tons and its export value was 33342 million rupees. Accordingly, cinnamon cultivation can be identified as a crop which contains high export value and this cultivation progresses on a traditional level at present. The purpose of this study was to identify importance of traditional cinnamon cultivation on the rural economy. The survey method was used for the collection of primary data and secondary data were used to achieve this objective. Mulatiyana Divisional Secretariat Division in Matara District was selected as the study area and the sample population consisted of 30 cinnamon cultivating families which replace 7% from Beragama West Grama Niladari Division. According to the findings, Cinnamon can produce a high profit per year and can be grown in two seasons. The farmer can produce 300kg from 1-acre cinnamon fertile land and presently 1kg of good cinnamon grade Prices range between Rs 2,000 - 3,500. Even though the cost of cultivation is high for the cinnamon cultivator, it was found that one acre of cultivation can make a profit of Rs.128964.16 by year. According to this analysis, it is apparent that cinnamon cultivation is one of the main reasons for increasing the income of the rural economy. By using new techniques to improve this cultivation, the farmer can get a higher return from cinnamon cultivation. Cinnamon cultivation can be promoted with state intervention to improve the rural economy and thereby improve the quality of life of the rural population.Item Inter-Labour Movements between the Private Sector and Public Sector(Staff Development Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Withanage, Hareesha H.The benefits of inter-labour movements depend on the welfare of a labourer. Sri Lanka has a mixed economic system where both public and the private sector. Labour moving is more comprehensive in understanding when comparing movement of employment from one another. According to that, the researcher attempted to examine the difference in benefits of inter-labour movements between the private sector and the public sector. And also, the researcher focused on investigating the key components directly affecting to the labour movement. The data was collected using systematic random sampling method from one public sector and two institutes of the private sector. The research revealed that 71% workers wished to move from private sector to public sector and it depends on the factors of pension, number of holidays, working hours, debt for labours, ethics in the companies and job security. Researcher identified through a factor analysis that welfare aspects, financial aspects and legal aspects directly affect to the benefits of inter-labour movement. The findings of the research emphasized that the public sector maximize the welfare under welfare aspects, but private sector maximize the welfare under financial aspects and there is no difference between the benefits of inter-labour movement in public sector and private sector under legal aspects. Finally, the facts mentioned above pointed out that labour benefits of inter-labour movements are higher in public sector than in private sector.Item Interactions between Development Interventions and the Dynamics of Conflict and Peace in Sri Lanka(Staff Development Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Galagama, Indeewari K.An analysis of the armed conflict in Sri Lanka revealed that there had been serious ethnic clashes in the past. The ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka contains both political and territorial dimensions. Therefore, it is important to scrutinize the current responses of the international community (donor countries, other interested countries, regional and international organizations) in dealing with on the dynamics of conflicts and finding potential for more effective, coherent or coordinated approaches for peacebuilding. The main objective of the research is to understand the actual and potential impact on the dynamics of conflict and peace, and the impact of development policies and programmes. The aim of the research is to identify conflict related risks that need to be mitigated and opportunities for programmes/policies for peacebuilding. The research was carried out using desk research methodology. The relevant information was gathered using online desk research, government published data, and customer desk research. Data analyzing was done through the interpretation of data gathered through the use of descriptive and logical reasoning to the determined patterns, relationships and trends. Assessing the impact of conflict on development policy and programmes, the researcher made the following findings: 1) macro level changes-for example, the shift from development assistance to humanitarian assistance, 2) change in aid delivery-for example, donors increasingly rely on NGOs rather than government implementing partners, and 3) changes in programming-for example, the adaptation or scaling down of operations, or complete withdrawal. Under the title of assessing the impact of development interventions on the dynamics of the conflict, the researcher found that the impacts of development policy and programmes at the macro and micro levels should be re-mapped. It is difficult to make definitive judgements of ‘impact’ on conflict and peace. International policies often undercut one another and undermine the effectiveness of conflict prevention or conflict resolution interventions. A critical challenge therefore is to develop greater complementarity between a range of policy instruments.Item An Inventory Study for Identifying Role Models in Sports(Staff Development Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Rajapaksha, R.P.D.D.Role models, heroes, and mentors are a part of everyday life and they are thought to have a significant impact on the beliefs and actions of individuals. In the sports, they are also often used in programs to deliver desired ideas to the intended groups to evoke behavior revolution. The purpose of this review of the literature was to explore the Role Models (RM) who make an impact on sport participation (SP). In this regard, the objective was developed to understand the current trends and perspectives of the authors on (RM) for increasing (SP). During the identification process of the literature review, Science Direct which is being sponsored by Elsevier was used as the major database search engine. The terms used in the Science Direct search engine were “Role Models” AND” Sports participation. By screening the results of the Science Direct database - 4236 results were obtained based on filtering the literature by 2018-2019. As a result of the engaging PRISMA method, the above inclusions were lowered to 18 articles by focusing an eligibility and study-oriented objective. Based on the PRISMA results, Content analysis was directed to explore the current trend of the authors who have already done their study regarding the (RM) s who impact on (SP). According to the results, Family members, Sports Coachers and Instructors, Teachers, Neighborhood community, Athletes and Celebrities, Peers and Televisions Actors were represented as (RM) s in Sports. Also, more than 50% of the research papers analyzed were from two or more of the above-mentioned (RM) s. The rest of the research papers have concentrated their academic approach on individual (RM)s related to the (SP), which can be summarized as Family members 27%, Sports Coachers and Instructors 20%, Teachers 16%, Neighborhood community 11%, Athletes and Celebrities 9%, Peer 9% and Televisions Actors 4%. This study evidence supports the potential for academically based researchers who work in partnership with sport and recreation to ensure that the Sports role models are studied in a useful way. Similarly, this study expands on the Knowledge of (RM)s and (SP). It also highlights the involvement of various links between the above concepts. This observation may help researchers who are willing to expand the (RM)s and their impact on (SP) in any selected context such as professional sports teams, University sports fields, etc.Item ‘Involvement of Buddhist Monks in Politics’ and Its Impact on Sri Lanka(Staff Development Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Madusanka, R.W.B.M. DineshBuddhism has contributed to the development of culture and religion in Sri Lanka throughout its history. Buddhism practiced in Sri Lanka is believed to be more authentic and closer to the original Buddhism which was taught by the Buddha and is known as Theravada Buddhism. However, Buddhist monks Sri Lanka today are deeply involved in politics and there are Buddhist monks in many aspects of politics in Sri Lanka such as representing in the parliament, protest movements and the like. Political Buddhism seems to be fascinating to modern monks. The main objective of this research study is to identify the impact of engagement of Buddhist monks by engaging in party politics on Buddhism in Sri Lanka. Only secondary data would be used for this research study and relevant books would also be used. The pre-study source methodology would be used as the study method. As Buddhism is the main religion in Sri Lanka, it should be credited for its contribution to the society, particularly in building family values. However, in areas such as safeguarding of individual rights and minority rights, prevention of crimes and corruption, Sri Lanka falls short of expectations of religious values. When Sri Lanka gained independence, it was considered as a model for Asia. However, during the past fifty years, politicians have used Buddhism not as a philosophy of righteousness, but as a tool for cheap political gain. The problem is not Buddhism as a philosophy or religion but the use of Political Buddhism in political activities. Many politicians and even intellectuals are confused in their interpretation of not only law and economy, but also justice, truth, and ethics based on Buddhism.Item Labour Migration Trends in Sri Lanka(Staff Development Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Basnayaka, B.M.S.MSri Lankans did not migrate for foreign employment. In history There is no record of any migrate for foreign employment. Migration for foreign employment started from the beginning of the 20th century. Among the sectors that contribute to the national income, the foreign employment income occupies a prominent position. The main objective is to identify the recent trends for foreign employment. The secondary data of Ministry of national policies and economic affairs, Department of census, Foreign employment Bureau are used in this study. Data analysis was done by using statistical analysis techniques and data are presented using graph and tables. It shows an increase of in foreign employment from 1987 to 2014. In 1987 it was 15,157 and in 2014 National income among the sectors that contribute to the national income, foreign employment income occupies a prominent position. Female participation surpassed that of men for the first time in 1988, and that trend has continued until 2007. Female participation surpassed that of men for the first time in 1988, and that trend has continued until 2007. This trend was attributed to the increasing number of migrants seeking employment in the domestic sector and garment factories. Twenty years later, in 2008, 48.81% of men, 51.19% of male workers, outperformed women in the narrow range. Female migration was 48.84%. The highest number of workers were reported in 2014.Migration to employment after 2014 has been downgraded by both men and women. Over the past few years, overseas employment has become Sri Lanka's main foreign exchange earner, surpassing all traditional foreign exchange sources.Item Macroeconomic Determinants of Current Account Balance: An Investigation from Sri Lanka(Staff Development Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Udayanga Kamburawala, TharinduCurrent Account deficit has been negatively influencing the Balance of Payment imbalance in Sri Lanka. Alternatively, a high volume of external debt and the exchange rate depreciation are being considered as the factors that affect the external economic stability of the country. This study is designed to focus on macroeconomic determinants influencing current account balance (CAB) in comparison to External Debt (EXD), Exchange Rate (EXR) and Reserve Assets (RA). It covers the period from 1990 to 2017 and uses secondary time series data. Data were extracted from the World Economic Outlook Database of International Monetary Fund and the International Debt Statistics of World Bank. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root method has been used to test the order of integration of time series variables. Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) has been used to determine the optimal lag length of each series. The Johansen Cointegration method has been adopted to investigate the relationship between variables. Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) has been adopted to determine the short run dynamics and long run adjustment of variables. These tests were conducted using STATA econometric software. The findings of the study revealed the long- term basis causality running from reserve assets, external debt and exchange rate to current account balance. However, there is no significant impact of exogenous variables on determining the current account balance in short term basis. Based on the findings, certain recommendations are made for policy makers and monetary authorities to increase foreign reserve assets of the country while decreasing the high volume of external debt and controlling the exchange rate depreciation.Item Pastor photography, political image and public relations(Staff Development Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Rupasinghe, W.W. Amani Ireshikaලෝකයේ දේශපාලන ප්රතිරූප හා මහජන සම්බන්ධතා ගොඩනංවනු පිණිස භාවිත කරන නොයෙකුත් ප්රචාරණ ක්රම අතර පෝස්ටර් ජායාරූපය ප්රමුඛ වේ. ශ්රී ලංකාවේ ද පෝස්ටර් ජායාරූපය දේශපාලන ප්රතිරූප ගොඩනැංවීමෙහි ලා භාවිත වන අතර එයට මෙරට දේශපාලන සංස්කෘතිය තුළ දිගු ඉතිහාසයක් ඇත. දේශපාලන ප්රතිරූප හා මහජන සම්බන්ධතා ගොඩනැංවීමට පෝස්ටර් ජායාරූපය භාවිතයේ ඇති උපයෝගිතාවය කෙබඳුද? යන්න මෙහි පර්යේෂණ ගැටලුව වේ. එම කාර්යය සඳහා පෝස්ටර් ජායාරූපය භාවිතයේ උපයෝගීතාවය අධ්යයනය කිරීම මෙම පර්යේෂණයේ අරමුණ විය. පර්යේෂණ ක්රමවේදය ලෙස මිශ්ර ක්රමවේදය භාවිත කෙරිණි. ශ්රී ලංකාවේ 2015 ජනාධිපතිවරණයේ අපේක්ෂකයින් වූ මෛත්රීපාල සිරිසේන හා මහින්ද රාජපක්ෂ යන ප්රධාන අපේක්ෂකයින්ගේ ප්රචාරණ කණ්ඩායම විසින් භාවිත කළ පෝස්ටර් ජායාරූප මෙහිදී පර්යේෂණයට භාජනය කෙරිණි. බස්නාහිර පළාතේ කොළඹ, ගම්පහ, කළුතර යන දිස්ත්රික්කවල අහඹු නියැදියක් ලෙස ඡන්දදායකයින් සියදෙනෙකු පර්යේෂණය සඳහා යොදා ගැනිණි. ප්රශ්නාවලිය, අන්තර්ගත විශ්ලේෂණය හා සම්මුඛ සාකච්ජා මඟින් දත්ත රැස්කර SPSS හා Excel මෘදුකාංග ඔස්සේ දත්ත විශ්ලේෂණය කර නිගමනයට එළඹුණි. දේශපාලන ප්රතිරූප හා මහජන සමබන්ධතා ගොඩනැංවීමට පෝස්ටර් ඡායාරූපය උපයෝගීතාවයක් සිදු නොවුණු බව පර්යේෂණයේ අවසන් නිගමනය විය. දේශපාලනඥයින් අවංක මහජන සේවයට ප්රමුඛත්වය දි මහජන මතය ගොඩනැගිය යුතු බවත්, දේශපාලන ප්රතිරූප හා මහජන සම්බන්ධතා ගොඩනැංවීමට මහජන මුදල් නාස්තියෙන් හා පරිසර දූෂණයෙන් තොර නව මහජන සම්බන්ධතා ක්රම භාවිතය හා ඒ සඳහා නිර්මාණශීලි ජායාරූප භාවිතය සිදු කළ යුතු බව පර්යේෂණයෙන් අනාවරණය කරගැනීමට හැකි විණි.Item The Role of Traditional Leadership in Conflict Resolution and Peace Building in Sinhala and Muslim Community: The Case of Panagamuwa, Sri Lanka(Staff Development Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Gunathilaka, P.G. Sandya NilminiWhile conflicts are common feature in Panagamuwa Sinhala and Muslim rural community, an interesting novelty is the manner in which the traditional leaders play a pivotal role in resolving community disputes across the region. They are regarded as peace mediators and receive the bulk of the cases dealing with violence which might be related to political, domestic or antisocial behaviour. The main purpose of this study was to explore the roles played by the traditional leadership in conflict resolution and peace building in Sinhala and Muslim rural community in Panagamuwa in Kurunegala district and this was addressed by focusing on the study objectives as follows; to identify the types of conflicts seen in the area, the nature of traditional leadership in Sinhala and Muslim community in Panagamuwa, the strengths, trends, challenges, weaknesses, to produce suggestions to improve traditional leadership in conflict resolution and peace building mechanism and suggest the recommendations. Both primary and secondary data were used to conduct this research study. Primary data were collected through questionnaires and focused group discussions. Random sampling was done and a sample of one hundred (100) respondents as forty (40) from Sinhala community and sixty (60) from Muslim community was randomly picked. The categories of people had varied backgrounds and included religious leaders, village officers (Grama Niladhari), teachers, and other government sector jobs representatives, staff from Community Based Organizations (CBOs), businessmen, elders, women and youth. The study found out that people in Sinhala and Muslim rural community acknowledge the important roles played by traditional leaders in conflict resolution. It is recommended that the government needs to strengthen the implementation process by offering formal recognition to traditional leadership in conflict resolution and peace building mechanism and linking it with various government agencies, to conduct conflict education and training for elders to enable them to understand conflict resolution methods of arbitration, negotiation and facilitation, involving all stakeholders, especially educated women and youth.