International Conference of the Shalakya Tantra – ‘Shalakya Sandipani’
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Item Regaining visual elds in a case of POAG: an integrative approach.(Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2015) Hemant, B.; Rajesh, P.; Preeti, A.According to WHO, glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness [12.3%] worldwide. Present available treatment options in allopathic medicine for glaucoma have very little encouraging results for neuro protection. This case report narrates a motivating experience in treating glaucoma with an integrative approach with Ayurved and modern Ophthalmology. A 42 year-old, married, non-smoking, non-alcoholic Asian female housewife presented with symptoms of dimness of vision in both eyes [LE>RE]and moderate headache. On examination, she had vision RE-6/36, LE-counting ngers, both eyes IOP before mydriasis on NCT was 18 mmHg, which was found to be raised to RE-25mmHg, LE-22mmHg after mydriasis. The anterior chambers of her both eyes were shallow, Fundus revealed bilateral glaucomatous cupping [RE-0.9:1, LE-0.7:1]. Patient had similar symptoms experienced in the past, for which she had taken modern medicinal treatment for short and at irregular intervals. She had undergone visual eld analysis and OCT of both eyes six years ago, stating bilateral glaucomatous advance changes. She had started local antiglaucoma eye drops with which the IOP came to near normal. [RE-18.9 mmHg, Le-14.6 mmHg] The patient was advised to take Ayurvedic treatment along with routine antiglaucoma medicines specially from systemic health and neuro protection point of view. She was also advised on systemic Shaman cikitsa and local treatments including Bidalaka, Shirotarpana, Anjan. She also underwent Basti cikitsa for 16 days. She responded well to this integrative line of treatment. Marked visual recovery was noted both on Snellen's chart as well as in eld analysis within 4 months after starting Ayurvedic treatment which sustained thereafter.Item The effect of Chatur Sneha in the management of Netra roga.(Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Balasooriya, M.G.D.N.; Premarathna, W.G.L.U.; Muthugala, S.K.R.The ve main sensations obtained from the sensory organs are the taste, fragrance, vision, sound, and touch. From these senses, the vision is very important and it is perceived by the eyes located in head region. Any disturbances to this area lead for the mismanagement of day to day activities. Mahasneha is widely used in the management of Urdhvajathrugatha roga because it has Snigdakaraka, Jeevana hita, Varnakaraka and Bala-pushti Vardhaka Guna. Grtha, Taila, Vasa and Majja are the four types of Mahasneha. The aim of this study was to nd out the mostly used drug and its qualities among Chatur Sneha in treating Netra Roga. This study was carried out as a literary review. The study consisted of two steps. Primary data were collected through Bruhattrayee, while secondary study was done to nd out the values and qualities of widely used Maha sneha and to understand the rationale behind Maha Sneha in the treatment of Netra Roga. Ayurveda and modern books and World Wide Web were used to collect secondary data. In Akshi Roga Cikitsa, according to Carakasamhita, there are 6 external applications using Grita. Vidalaka, Rasakriya and Anjana mentioned in Carakasamhita use Grita. According to Susruta Samhita there are 8 internal applications and 31 external applications in Chatur Sneha. Among internal applications Grita is included in 87% applications. Among external applications it is 80%; Anjana and 13% Ashchotana formulas of Ghee. According to Ashtanga Hridaya Samhita, Chatur Sneha is used in 22 external applications and 14 internal applications. Ghee is the main drug of over 80% external applications. Anjana (65%) and Tarpana (15%) are the major external applications which include ghee. Therefore, it can be concluded that, according to Brhattrayee, ghee is the mostly used Sneha among Chatur Sneha in treating Netra Roga internally and externally. Ghee possesses Yogavahi and Sanskara Anuvartana Guna and increases absorption efciency in lipid media.Item Effect of Ayurvedic medicine in the management of Vartma Sharkara with special reference to conjunctival concretions.(Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Surangi, K.G.; Shamsa, F.Vartma Sharkara is one of the Sannipataja Vartmagata Roga and is a curable disease by Lekhana Karma (scraping procedures). It can be correlated with “conjunctival concretion” which is a degenerative condition of the conjunctiva. Treatments are not essential if it is asymptomatic but if it gives symptoms, concretions should be removed by hypodermic needle which causes conjunctival damages and sometimes conjunctival inammation. Thus this study was designed to develop a successful, safe and sustainable line of treatment in the management of conjunctival concretion according to the principles of Ayurveda. The study was carried out as case studies with 10 patients at the eye OPD of NIA, Jaipur as per the exclusion and inclusion criteria. All the assessments were done with self-designed scoring system as before treatment, after treatment and after the follow up period. The line of treatment was mainly focused on Shodhana, Lekhana and Santarpana type of medicines. Hence Samudraphena Varti Pratisarana and Anjana, Thriphaladi Netra Parisheka and Ashwagandha–Shatavari powders were selected. The duration of trial depended upon the severity of the disease. The uniqueness of this therapy was that conjunctival concretion can be removed without causing any damage to the conjunctiva and without antibiotics being given. The number of times of Pratisarana depended on the severity of the disease. Those which were at the level of conjunctiva were managed by using Samudraphena Varti Anjana. Rasayana property was helpful for preventing recurrence. It can be concluded that Vartma Sharkara or conjunctival concretion can be successfully managed with Ayurvedic treatments without any adverse effects.Item Irsal e alaq (Hirudo therapy) on Maa e Aksar (glaucoma): a scientic review.(Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka., 2017) Shifra, A.S.F.; Ayshah Fazeenah, A.H.Maa e aksar (glaucoma) is caused by either increased production or reduced absorption of rutubat (uid) which makes an accumulation inside the eye ball that produces tanao (tension) and constructs the eyeball hard. It results in zoa'f e basar (weakness of vision) and maidan e basarat (narrowing of visual eld). This condition corresponds with glaucoma in allopathic medicine and is dened as a group of conditions characterized by typical changes in the retinal nerve bers and optic nerve head resulting in reduced visual eld, progressive and irreversible vision loss. Its enormous social and economic impact can be acceptable by the fact that it remains as the second leading cause of blindness globally, after cataracts. In 2013, the number of people aged 40-80 years with glaucoma worldwide was estimated to be 64.3 million, increasing to 76.0 million in 2020 and 111.8 million in 2040. Mostly, glaucoma is asymptomatic; generally patients may have complaints like blurred vision, hardness to see in dark, tearing, soreness / tiredness, pain in the affected eyes or frontal portion of the head, feeling of something in the eye and observing the rainbow halos around the light. The treatment is in contrast to nature and Mizaj (temperament) of the disease. Therefore, the elimination of the root cause is the main treatment modality. Despite the use of numerous newer therapeutic regimens, it has remained confronted because of waning of the sensitive part of the eye. The holistic approach of Unani treatment will have a thriving management of diseases with temperamental afliation and its evidences were found throughout the history. Irsal e Alaq (hirudo / leech therapy) which is one of the most important and widely practiced methods used for local evacuation of morbid (invalidated and waste) matter with the use of medicinal leech, has proven efcacy in Maa e aksar, but lacks scientic evidence for validation. The present literary review was based on Unani classical texts, electronic databases of Google scholar, PubMed and through web search. This review aims at highlighting the concept of glaucoma with special reference to Maa e aksar and its management through Irsal e Alaq.Item A case study of CRAO Sequel-Macular Oedema with ERM: an integrative treatment Approach.(Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Abhyankar, P.; Pawar, R.; Baviskar, H.A female patient, 43, non-diabetic, non-hypertensive experienced RE-sudden loss of vision in May 2016. Her vision at that time was found to be RE-counting ngers, LE-6/5p, near vision with presbiopic correction +1.50D for RE-N36p, LE-N6. On examination, the patient was diagnosed as RE-Central retinal arterial occlusion with cherry red macular hemorrhage and retinal oedema. She was referred to vitreoretinal surgeon and on his recommendation, she was given LASER treatment after 2 days. She also underwent intravitreal [IV] injectables twice to reduce retinal oedema. With this treatment, her vision was improved to 6/12p, N10. But she had RE-oaters in vision as a new symptom; on examination RE fundus showed macular oedema and epiretinal membrane [ERM] involving partial macular area. The patient underwent OCT to determine severity of macular oedema and other structural pathology. As there was limited relief with IV injectables, she was advised to take Ayurvedic treatment for further improvement in vision and to get rid of other symptoms as an alternative and complementary treatment. The patient was advised only systemic Ayurvedic Shaman treatment and no local treatment was given. She was advised to take Ayurvedic medicines which included Chandraprabha Vati 250mg 2 tabs twice a day, Manjisthadi Vati 750mg 1 tab twice a day, Nimbamrutadi Vati 750mg 1 tab in the morning and 2 tabs at bed time, Amalaki Ghana Vati 250mg 1tab in the morning and 2 tabs at bed time, Gomootra Haritaki 150mg 2 tabs twice a day (All tabs with lukewarm water as Anupana) and Timir Ghrita 10ml bed time with lukewarm milk. This treatment continued from October 2016 to April 2017. With this treatment, her vision improved to 6/6p, N8 in March 2017.She was advised to continue same medicines along with addition of tab Vasanta Kusumakar 40mg at bed time and tab Yashtimadhu Ghana 250mg twice a day. Follow up was done in April 2017, where she had vision in RE 6/6, N6. Her fundus showed regression of ERM with decrease in macular oedema which was conrmed on OCT.Item Scope and role of dietary and daily regimen in prevention of life style eye disorders: a literature study.(Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Rathnayaka, R.L.Y.U.; Vaghela, D.B.; Chudasama, K.Ayurveda is a holistic healing science that emphasizes the importance of healthy lifestyle in preventing disease. Faulty lifestyle (diet and behavior) are major factors leading to many diseases. Smoking cigarette, tobacco, alcohol consumption, high fat and junk food, lack of exercise, chronic stress, prolong exposure to bright light, working in computer for long time etc. may also increase the risk of developing certain diseases, (diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and kidney disease, cancer etc.) Vision is also affected; among them ocular disorders are more prevelant in modern era, like Age Related Macular Degeneration, Diabetic and Hypertensive Retinopathies, Computer Vision Syndrome, Dry Eye Syndrome and Infectious eye diseases. For preventing from this type of eye diseases as well as maintaining ocular health, wealth of details are found in various types of classical texts of Ayurveda. Among them Dinacharya (daily regimen), Ritucharya (seasonal regimen), specic ocular therapies (Kriyakalpa) and various type of Chakshshya and Rasayana drugs, special types of Pathya Apathya Vidhi are useful to maintain ocular health and improve vision. Publicity of these techniques using appropriate media would benet the general population by giving more condence on Ayurveda practices, thus preventing from various types of lifestyle eye disorders. In the present study, daily regimen, Kriyakalpa, Pathyapthya, Chakshusya and Rasayana are described in detail.Item Microbiological study of an indigenous mouth wash (Gandusha) used in periodontal diseases.(Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Dewasurendra, D.M.W.; Peiris, K.P.P.; Karunarathna, E.D.C.; Sudesh, A.D.H.Mouth wash (Gandusha) is clinically effective in the management of periodontal diseases. This study is an in-vitro analysis on determining the antimicrobial efcacy of this drug using standard Antimicrobial Sensitivity Test against a fungal culture isolated from a patient. The test was performed according to the Well diffusion method having 6mm diameter wells on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). Each well was loaded with the test drug mixed in 20μl of sterile distilled water and uconazole 2.5mg / ml was used as the positive control. According to the results, the test drug showed an average Inhibition Zone Diameter (IZD) of 19mm while the positive control showed IZD of 15mm. Therefore, it can be stated that the test drug is more effective than the positive control and the isolated culture is sensitive to the test drug as it had shown an IZD of 19mm while it is intermediate sensitive for the positive control as 15mm comes under Intermediate sensitive range (15-18mm). These results support the claim that the indigenous mouth wash (Gandusha) is effective in the management of periodontal diseases.Item Efficacy of Lakshadi Lepa on controlling mild acne.(Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Saranga, R.G.S.In the young age both girls and boys are mostly affected by acne. According to Ayurveda, young age can be described as Pitta Pramukha duration. Cosmetics and acne care treatments are invented every day, but most are not successful. Ayurveda treatments are developed on the basis of Tridosha concept. Acne develops due to blockage and inammation of pilosebaceous units. Lakshadi Lepa, mentioned in Ayurveda pharmacopeia is prescribed to cure the inammatory conditions. But it is still not prescribed to mild acne. Pathology that develops in acne is an inammation. A total of 40 patients between 12-25 years with mild acne on the face were selected. Testing group was treated with cleanser formula of Ayurveda, gentle soft massage with steam, and Lakshadi Lepa collected with bee honey and few drops of lemon juice. Lakshadi Lepa was produced with lac resin, Saussurea lappa root, Brassica nigra, Curcuma longa rhizome, Zingiber officinale rhizome, Piper nigrum seeds, Piper longum roots, Senna alata leaves. Preparation method of Lakshadi Lepa was not changed. The pack was kept for 40 minutes and removed by normal cool water. The same procedure was used in control group except the pack. Bee honey was applied as a pack to control group. Cleansing the face and applying the pack was repeated for seven days. After 3, 5 and 7 days, improvement was checked by skin analyzing instruments. Lakshadi Lepa effectively managed the mild acne within the rst day. After 3 days it was 20%, 5 days it was 50% and 7 days it was 80% and no inammatory lesions could be noted. It produces better results on papule of acne than on pustule. Therefore, to control acne in teenage, Lakshadi Lepa is more effective than other external treatments.Item A clinical study on Ayurvedic management of Keratoconus.(Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Manjusree, S.; Namboothirif, N.P.P.; Sreekanth, N.P.Keratoconus is corneal disorder in which there is a progressive thinning of the central part leading to conical protrusion and thereby uncorrected visual error, usually found in second and third decade. In a population based on cohort analysis, the Central India Eye and Medical Study reported the prevalence of Keratoconus in central India to be 1.4%. The contemporary science advocates power glasses, contact lenses, corneal implants, corneal collagen crosslinking with riboavin (C3R), Laser assisted surgeries and Keratoplasty in Keratoconus. It is difcult to nd out an exact reference about Keratoconus condition from classical texts of Ayurveda. In Ayurveda, the clinical features related to visual disturbances are seen only in Drushtigata Rogas. Hence, all cases of visual disturbances can be correlated under the broad heading of the Timira – Kacha – Linganasha complex. Open labeled, observational, 28-week study using selected Ayurvedic medicines and therapies was conducted on 30 subjects with the diagnosis of early or advanced Keratoconus, who were between ages of 18 to 45 years, : 28 weeks IPD/OPD trial with 3 In-patient visits and 3 telephonic visits. The in-patient treatment duration for each patient was 14 days (± 3 days), which included treatments like Nasyam, Sekam, Anjanam, Aschyotanam, Tharpanam, Sirodhara / Sirovasthy, Pichu and Nethra Bandhana. The study was conducted using black box design,: the study did not focus on assessment of any therapeutic protocol in specic, but the treatment principles of the entire Ayurvedic system in treatment of Keratoconus. The subjects who satised the selection criteria entered into the study and received treatment for 24 weeks followed by End of Study visit and a 4-week follow up visit. The duration of the study for each subject was approximately 7 months (28 weeks). All statistical tests were two-sided with a signicance level of = 0.05. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics (number of subjects [n], mean, standard deviation [SD]) for continuous variables, and using frequency and percentage (i.e., number and proportion of subjects – n, %) for discrete/categorical variables, unless specied otherwise. Paired sample t-test was used to assess the outcome of the trial. LogMAR was used to convert visual acuity observed using Snellen's Chart to reach decimal values. KISA% was used to assess the changes in topography from baseline to end of treatment. The study showed clinically and statistically signicant changes in Corneal Topography, Visual Acuity and Refraction. Visual acuity showed a 7.3% improvement (p<0.05) and refraction showed a reduction of 10% (p<0.05 KISA% showed a reduction of 14.6% (p<0.05).Item Clinical efficacy of Ayurvedic management in digital eye strain and visual fatigue(Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Sunita, V.M.With the advancement of digital technology, many individuals suffer from physical eye discomfort, visual fatigue, dry eye after screen use for longer than two hours at a time. The Vision Council refers to this collection of symptoms as digital eye strain. The Vision Council's 2014 Digital Eye Strain Report suggests that nearly 70 percent of American adults experiences some form of digital eye strain due to prolonged use of electronic devices including desktop and laptop computers, smart phones, e-readers, television and videos. The study found that adults are most likely to experience digital eye strain in between 6 p.m. to 9 p.m. The number of people subjected to a signicant amounts of on-screen work with digital eye strain and visual fatigue is currently increasing. Improper use of sense organs, violating the moral code of conduct, and the effect of the time are the three basic causative factors. No remedial measures for the cure of this pathology prevail in the domain of modern medicine except using ocular surface lubricants and computer glasses in spite of remarkable progress and advances in the eld of modern ophthalmology. On the basis of critical analysis of the symptoms of Digital Eye Strain on tridosha theory of Ayurveda, it seems to be a Vata–Pittaja ocular cum systemic disease. Jeevantyadi Ghrita (orally), Jeevantyadi Ghrita Netra Tarpana (topically) and counseling regarding proper working conditions on computer were tried in 30 patients, suffering from Digital eye strain. In group I, where oral and local treatment was given, signicant improvement in all the symptoms of Digital eye strain was observed whereas in groups II and III local treatment and counseling regarding proper working conditions, respectively, were given and showed insignicant results. The study veried the hypothesis that Digital Eye Strain from Ayurvedic perspective is a Vata- Pittaja disease affecting mainly eyes and body as a whole and needs a systemic intervention rather than topical ocular medication only.Item Management of Arma with Nayansukha Varti Anjan: a clinical study.(Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Patel, R.S.; Sisodiya, Y.K.; Firke, T.Eyes are the most sensitive and vulnerable part of our body. Air born infection, UV rays, pollutants, dust and other particles can land directly on the surface of eye, causing eye disease. Arma is dened as gradually developing continuous wing like growth in Shukla Mandala from either Kaninika Sandhi (inner canthus) or Apang Sandhi (outer canthus) towards KrishnaMandala, causing discomfort in eye. Pterygium is found in people residing tropical and subtropical area. Risk factors include outdoor work, exposure to sunlight, dry and dusty climatic etc. Due to geographic and climatic conditions, Pterygium is a common ocular disorder in India. Ayurvedic science can be explored to nd a better alternative to manage this condition. Arma which is at early stage having thin membrane and curd like bluish/ red coloured and smoky should be treated with Lekhana Anjana and recurrent rate is very low after Anjana Kriyakalpa.Considering all these facts Nayansukha Varti Anjana was selected for Arma Chikitsa. In thepresent study, 10 patients of Arma were selected and administered Nayansukha Varti Anjana(Pradhan Karma) after Deepan-pachan and Nasya Karma (Poorva Karma) and ShamanaChikitsa with Triphala Churna. Nayansukha Varti Anjana have Lekhaniya and Rasayana property which is useful in Arma Chikitsa. A signicant relief was found in signs and symptomsof Arma after the treatment and no any adverse effects were found after treatment. Drugs used intreatment are easily available and cost effective.Item Role of three Ayurveda regimen in the management of scaling condition of Sidhma Kushta (Psoriasis).(Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Jayakody, J.A.D.P.P.; Seneviratna, N.A.K.P.J.; Akarawita, J.K.W.Psoriasis, generally referred to as 'Potu Kabara' in Sri Lanka, corresponds with Sidhma Kushta in terms of a number of distinguished symptoms elaborated in Ayurveda classics. This study aimed at evaluating the efcacy of three Ayurveda regimen in the management of scaling condition of Sidhma Kushta. The study was carried out at the skin clinic of Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Teaching Hospital, Yakkala, Sri Lanka. One hundred and ve patients were selected and randomly divided into three equal groups; A, B and C. All were given selected Ayurveda regimen as an internal mode of therapy while separate external applications viz. EA1 (Takradhara), EB2 (Takra Lepa) and EC3 (Raw herbals boil water) were given separately for each group for a period of three months. Healing effect was monitored by observing the clinical symptom of scaling. Data were collected by using PASI scale. Clinical outcomes were statistically analyzed using a non-parametric test, Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test and parametric tests such as ANOVA, Paired t-test, Pooled t-test. All the treatments given in three groups positively responded from the rst week for the symptom of scaling of the patient's head, upper limb, trunk and lower limb. (P-value 0.000 for each group). It can be concluded that all three treatments can be effectively used in the management of the symptom of scaling.Item A clinical study on Computer Vision Syndrome.(Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Ganga, M.P.; Bavalatti, N.; Manjusha, R.Computer has become a household gadget in the present era, found in almost all aspects of life and its convenience has brought with it the disadvantages as with any invention of human civilization. With progressive increase in the usage of computers, the term Repeated Stress Injury (RSI) has found place in the contemporary medical science. The incidence of Computer Vision Syndrome is as high as 50%-90% among the employees of computer profession. Computers have increased the work efciency, communications and have opened access to information like never before. Despite these contributions to the society, prolonged exposure to Video Display Terminals (VDT's) has been the cause of a visual and ergonomic disorder called "Computer Vision Syndrome" (CVS). Symptoms of Computer Vision Syndrome are caused by ocular (ocular-surface abnormalities or accommodative spasms) and / or extra ocular (ergonomic) etiologies. It is out of question to verify the existence of similar condition of “Computer Vision Syndrome” in ancient documents, as the ailment is the consequence of modern invention. But there is a room to understand the disease from Ayurvedic perspectives and to methodically apply Ayurvedic remedies for the modern ailment. In this clinical study on “Computer Vision Syndrome”, a total number of 55 patients were registered and out of these, 53 patients completed the whole treatment. The general observations and the effect of therapy quoted include the data of 53 patients who have completed the entire course of treatment. Oral administration of Saptamrita Lauha tablets, 500 mg BD/day with unequal quantity of Madhu , Ghrita and Triphala eye drops one drop in each eye, 4 times/day for 30 days has found to be effective in the management of CVS.Item Study of acute and 28 days repeated oral toxicity of Siddha formulae Seenthilchooranam in Wistar albino rat.(Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Ushakanthan, S.; Visweswaran, S.; Sivakkumar, S.; Mariyappan, A.; Banumathi, V.Seenthil Chooranam is one of the traditional Siddha formulae used in various kinds of diseases in Siddha system of medicine. The test drug Seenthil Chooranam (Chooranam-one of the 32 types of internal medicine), mentioned in classical Siddha text Agasthiyar Paripuranam – 400, is used for Megam (diabetic mellitus), Eelai (tuberculosis), Kasam (cough), Elaipu (bronchial asthma),Erandavayu (scrotal swelling). The ingredients of this formulae include Seenthil (Tinosporacordifolia), Karisalai (Eclipta Alba), and Earthworm (Eudriluseugeniae). The present studyaimed at evaluating the safety of Seenthil Chooranam as per OECD Guidelines 423,407. This study focused on acute and repeated dose 28 days oral toxicity studies in wistar albino rat. In acute study, Seenthil Chooranam was administered orally at the dose of 2000mg/kg. b.w and animals were observed for toxic signs for a period of 14 days. In repeated dose 28 days oraltoxicity study, Seenthil Chooranam was administered at the dose of 900mg and 1800mg/kg b.w.Mortality, toxic signs, body weight, food and water consumption, haematological, plasma biochemical parameters, gross necropsy, relative organ weights and histopathology were assessed. The results of these studies revealed that the drug Seenthil Chooranam did not produce any death at the dose of 2000mg/kg body weight. The LD value is greater than 2000mg/kg body 50weight. Repeated dose 28 days oral toxicity study was observed without any abnormalities and No-Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was noted. It conrms the safety of the drug which proved its utility in long term administration without any harm to the human being.Item Utility of Dhooma preparations in the treatment of Nāsa Roga in indigenous medicine in Sri Lanka.(Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Pathirana, K.P.M.P.; Jayasinghe, J.M.P.R.K.There are medicinal preparations used as Dhooma in the treatment of Nāsa Roga according to classical texts. The aim of this study was to analyze the availability of herbal and mineral ingredients used to prepare Dhooma and to evaluate their usages for Nāsa Roga. This was a literature based study and the primary data were collected through indigenous classical texts such as Sārārtha Sangraha, Yogārnava, Yogarathnākara, Varayogasāra, Sārasankshepa and Bhaisajamanjusha. Collected data were comparatively analyzed and demonstrated to identify the availability of different types of ingredients and commonest ingredients in selected formulas. According to data, 16 Dhooma formulas were identied. 07 formulas have been mentioned in Sārartha Sangraha, 05 in Yogarathnakara, 03 in Yogārnava and 01 in Varayogasāra. These formulas are used as Choorna, Pottali and Veti preparations. (13 formulas are Choornas) 48 ingredients were identied in Dhooma. Inguru, Gammiris, Tippili, Walangasahal, Gugul, Perunkayam, Wadakaha, Kaluduru, Sudulunu, Manosheela, Hingula, Gendagam and Sīnakkaram are the commonest ingredients found in these formulas. These preparations can be categorized according to different types of Nāsa Roga. 06 preparations are used for Prathishya, 05 for Pinasa and 02 for Nāsa Srāwa; Puyarakkta, Kshawathu, Bransha, Deepthanasikya 01 for each. Considering the Panchapadārtha of mostly used ingredients, 100% of dravya contain Katurasa and 61% contain Tiktarasa. Katu and Tikta perform Vatavruddhi and Kaphakshaya. The properties are 92% Laghu and 69% Tikshna. Laghu increases Vāta, reduces the thickness of Kapha. Tikshna helps in excreting vitiated Kapha. Ushna Veerya contains 92% of ingredients that help in Vātānulomana and Kaphanissarana. It also helps in reducing the thickness of Kapha. 84% of ingredients contain Katuvipaka and helps in increasing Vāta. According to the available data, Rasa, Guna, Veerya, Vipaka of the ingredients used in Dhooma help to reduce the thickness of vitiated Kapha and they are excreted by the increased Vātadosha.Item Potency of Kalludaikudori Maththirai, a herbo mineral Siddha formulation in the management of Kalladaippu Noi (Urolithiasis): a drug review(Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Janani, S.; Niruba, K.Siddha medicine is one of the oldest medical systems in the world. Siddha system is the science which takes human and nature as part of closed system. Siddha insists on leading a healthy life both physically and mentally by keeping pace with the laws of nature. Siddhas have classied 4448 diseases, based on the three humoral pathologies. Among them Kalladaippu Noi is classied under Neerinai Aukkal Noigal. According to Siddha dietary factors play a vital role in the formation of Kalladaippu Noi. Also Pitta humor is said to be the major causative factor of this disease. Many formulations are indicated for Kalladaippu Noi in Siddha literature. Kalludaikudori Maththirai is a herbo mineral drug indicated for Kalladaippu Noi. Kalludaikudori Maththirai is used to remove the urinary stones from the urinary pathway. It contains four ingredients; puried Rasam (Mercury), puried Kanthakam (Sulphur), Vellai Saaranai (Boerhavia diffusa) and Sirupeelai (Aerva lanata). The aim of the study was to review the existing Siddha herbomineral formulation, Kalludaikudori Maththirai'' with evidence from the text 'Siddha Vaidya Thiraddu''. The data were obtained from research articles and the globally accepted website such as PubMed, Medline, and Meddler. According to the pharmacological studies, the ingredients are very effective for anti-urolithiasis (Lithotriptic), diuretic and anti-inammatory activities. According to Siddha literature, the main ingredients of Kalludaikudori Maththirai consist of the action for elimination of vitiated Pittam. This review is an initial step towards, scientically analyzing Kalludaikudori Maththirai” in the management of Kalladaippu Noi.Item The importance of Dinacharya as a preventive measure for Urdhvajathrugata Roga according to Carakasamhitha.(Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Premarathna, W.G.L.U.; Balasooriya, M.G.D.N.; Muthugala, S.K.R.“Swasthasya Swasthya Rakshanam” is an important aspect of Ayurveda. “Swasthya” means the person who has balance with Dosha, Agni, Dhatu, Mala, Atma, Indriya and Manas. Any imbalance leads to manifestation of diseases. Urdhvajathrugata diseases caused due to occupation are common for head and neck region. Matrashitiya Adhyaya carrying Swasthya Rakshanam Vidhi is included in Caraka Sutrastana. Anjana, Dhuma Pana, Danta Dhawana, Nasya, Gandusha Dharana, Karna Purana, Abhyanga, Shirsha thaila Abhyanga are some of the preventive measures mentioned in Matrashitiya Adhyaya. There is a direct link between these methods and Urdhvajathrugata diseases. The aim of this study was to study the importance of following Dinacharya as a preventive measure for Urdhvajathrugata Roga. This study was a literary review which was carried out under several steps. Firstly, Carakasamhita was referred to study the Dinacharya mentioned in classics. Secondly, each Dinacharya Vidhi was studied one by one by referring to Ayurveda texts. Anjana, Pada Abhyanga, Vahan Dharana contribute to improve the eye sight. The relation between how Pada Abhyanga and Vahan Dharana help to improve eye sight can be explained in terms of reexology. Gandusha Dharana, Danta Dhawana, Tambula Bhakshana contribute to improve the oral health. Nasya and Dhuma Pana helps to prevent from nasal diseases and head diseases. Shirsha Taila Abhyanga also helps to prevent from Shiro Roga. To prevent from ear diseases Karna Purana is essential. Chathra Dharana contributes to combat diseases such as Abhishyanda, Peenasa and Pratishya. Snanaya is effective for general health and Mala Dharana and Nirmal Vastra Dharana for mental health. Karna Abharana indirectly helps to improve eye sight. Thus Dinacharya is very useful in preventing from Urdhvajathrugata Roga.Item Management of retinal diseases in Ayurveda.(Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Sreekumar, K.Retina, one of the most sophisticated nervous tissues, which receives blood circulation from the duel system central retinal artery and choriocapilleries are prone to many systemic as well as local diseases. The diseases manifesting in the retina mainly include those of congenital, vascular, degenerative and inammatory. Many of the systemic diseases like diabetes, hypertension and viral diseases also lead to retinal complications. In Ayurveda, retina can be considered as the seat of Alochaka Pitta which performs its function with the help of Pranavayu and Tarpaka Kapha. So the harmonies of all these Tridoshas are essential to manage the retinal pathologies. Even though these Doshas are located in retina, the main base (Vishesha Sthana of Doshas) is not retina. In order to tackle the deep seated pathology, the Moolasthana Chikitsa of these Doshas should be performed. In Ayurveda, in terms of the visual disturbances, eld defects and pathophysiology, many of the retinal diseases can be included under the twelve types of Drishtigata Rogas. As there is no common line of management for these types of diseases in Ayurveda, an attempt has been made to explain the management of retinal diseases treated as per Ayurvedic principles. In addition to Snehapana, Virechana, Nasya and Netra Kriyakalpas, the treatment modalities like Ksheerabasthi, Yogabasthi, Rakthamokshana, Shirolepa and Moordha Tailas are also essential to manage these retinal pathologies. In diseases like proliferative diabetic retinopathy, Ksheeraseka and Ksheerabasthi are highly useful while in macular degenerations, the role of Yogabasthi and Shirobasthi is benecial to manage the underline pathology.Item Therapeutic effects of Yoga on the diseases of Śālākyatantra(Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Kumara, G.U.A.; Karunaratne, H.K.B.M.S.Yoga, a philosophy in ancient India, is effective in maintaining health and curing diseases. This literature survey based on Hatha Yoga Pradipika was carried out in order to identify the therapeutic effect of Yoga on diseases which had been mentioned in Śālākyatantra. All types of Pranayama (Suryabhedana, Ujjayi, Seetkari, Sheetali, Bhramari, Bhastrika, Moorchha and Plavini pranayama) are important to maintain healthy respiratory functions, while sixty seven of Shatkarma have various therapeutic effects on curing diseases belonging to Śālākyatantra and thirty three of Mudra and Bandha in Hatha Yoga Pradipika have therapeutic effects on diseases that belong to Śālākyatantra according to the ndings of the present study. Although all the Asanas contribute to maintain healthy body, Simhagarjanasana (roaring lion pose) is the most effective in alleviation of such diseases including numerous throat, mouth, nose and ear disorders. It is particularly useful in toning the throat and eradicating stammering. Dhauti and Neti have many therapeutic effects in curing diseases in Śālākyatantra. Trataka has many therapeutic effects in curing eye disorders such as eye strain, myopia, astigmatism, and early stages of cataract, according to the ndings. It can be concluded that various types of Yoga have therapeutic effects on diseases which have been described in Śālākyatantra.Item A study of pharmacodynamical action of facial skin care herbs: a review.(Department of Shalya Shalakya,Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka, 2017) Sivagowri, S.Facial skin, an important and prominent part of the human body, is affected by internal and external causes. Traditional medical practitioners widely use herbs either single or in combination with several herbs. Some herbs are easily available and commonly used in daily life such as Aloe vera, Azadirachta indica and Curcuma longa. Ayurveda explains properties and actions of the herbs (rasa, guna virya, vipaka, karma) and temperament of human body (Prakriti). The general objective of this study was to assess the pharmacodynamical action of the facial skin care herbs (Aloe vera, Azadirachta indica and Curcuma longa). A review of existing research was carried out using Pub Med, Google Scholar, Medline and Science Direct electronic databases and other related books. Accordingly, majority of the review articles elaborate animals' studies rather than clinical research. The study designs have not been properly incorperated into clinical studies. These herbs show evidence of pharmacodynamical effects; Aloe vera is used in the treatment of skin protecting from ultraviolet radiation, which shows antiaging effect, anti-acne effect and anti-inammatory effects. Azadirachta indica has antiin ammatory and anti-acne effects and it has been used for skin protection from infections. Curcuma longa is used for skin protection from ultraviolet radiation and infection which shows anti-aging effect, anti-acne effect and anti-inammatory effects. These herbs (Aloe vera, Azadirachta indica and Curcuma longa) have effective pharmacodynamical action on the facial skin. Therefore, these herbs are therapeutically useful in skin disorders. Further clinical studies are recommended with appropriate study design and adequate sample size for scientic evaluation of these herbs.