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Item A Comparative Study on the Lexicon of 'The Village in the Jungle' and its Sinhalese Translation 'Beddegama'(Department of Linguistics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Waththegedaral, P.T.S.S.; Karunathilaka, T.S.; Muthumali, H.P.Translation is not just a translation of words but it is a creative act of translating the whole idea of source language into target language. The aim of this research is to compare the lexical meanings of Leonard Woolt's 'The Village in the Jungle' which is based on Sinhalese folk life and 'Beddegama' which is translated by A. P. Gunarathna. 'The Village in the Jungle' is also an influential work of Sri Lankan Literature. Data were collected by comparing a selected chapter of the translation with the corresponding chapter of the source text. Dialects, registers, styles, cultural words, discriminative words and slangs are focused on examining the lexical meanings. Through the analysis of the data collected, it can be proved that the colonial administration had been affected to the Sri Lankans who lived in that period and it can be seen through the lexical meanings. The story of the novel "Village in the Jungle" is full of acrimony. Thus, a soothing, delicate lexicon from both the books cannot be expected. Further, semi-civilised villagers and the differences of their attitudes are also affected to the lexical meanings of the books. By this research, it is discovered that the social background of the composed season of these books is immensely affected to the lexical meanings.Item Effectiveness of the Use of Dialects in Literary Translation (With Special Reference to the Sinhalese Translation of Earnest Hemingway's "Old Man and the Sea")(Department of Linguistics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Shavoni, D.P.N.; de Alwis, K.K.L.Dialects play an indispensable role in an effective translation. A dialect is a form of a language unique to a particular region or a social group. These social dialects spawn according to the social boundaries like profession ethnicity, race, religion or even gender and age, whereas regional dialects occur in relation to the physical barriers like geographical boundaries. In Sri Lanka several regional and social dialects are found to be in existence. Being an island, Sri Lankan coastal communities withhold a unique form of fishermen dialect based upon their lifestyle in the coastal areas. To present a successful literary translation to the readership it is a necessary skill for any translator to have knowledge of the cultural background of both SL and TL. The purpose of this study is to identify the effectiveness of using such knowledge of fishermen dialect in Sri Lanka with reference to the Sinhalese translation of Ernest Hemingway's "Old Man and the Sea". The terms related to the fishery industry were selected and analysed by comparing them to the terms in the original text. It was found that the use of fishermen dialect has contributed towards giving an authentic reading to the target readership. Further, this translation proved to be rather a remake of the original text than a word to word translation. Therefore, translators need an indepth knowledge of the cultural elements in both SL and TL. An understanding about dialects and their effective use will therefore be of utmost importance to the success of a literary translation.Item A Linguistic Analysis on the Lexical and Language Change of the Two Films "Pravegaya" and "Kolamba Sanniya"(Department of Linguistics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Karunathilake, P.M.A.U.The main target of this research is exploring the evaluation of lexicon and language of two films respectively "Kolamba Sanniya" and "Pravegaya". The research question was finding out how the language has been changed within generations. Other than watching the two films, in order to get more information, talked with the particular societies. The film "Pravegaya" depicts the colloquial Sinhalese language. On behalf of getting more information, studies on colloquial lexicon, helped very much. Furthermore, data were collected by referring relevant books. The main reason is both films were based on Colombo city for the selection of these two particular films. "Kolamba Sanniya" was released in 1976 and "Pravegaya" was released in 2015. The main aim is showing, how the Colombo city and its language have changed within a period of 39 years. When examine these two films, many words in the film "Kolamba Sanniya" replaced in the film "Pravegaya". For example, words like "Dumbarabage","Kakul Kadittuwa","Elibahinawa","Badawatiya" have replaced in the film "Pravegaya" as "Patta","Padiri","Jathi","Sira","Athal" ... etc. These can be introduced as regional dialects. Linguistically affected fields such as translation method, dialectology variations, linguistically applied to the methodology. Thus the movie "Pravegaya" shows, how open economy affected Colombo city. Some subcultures occurred, such as drug dealing and heroine. Coined words emerged gradually in the city of Colombo. Thus, by studying these two films, it can be evaluate that from generations to generations it is important to be aware of these coined words. It will be useful for first language, second language and foreign language learners. It is a normal process of adding new words to the language. By examining old films and new films, it is clear that how vocabulary changes in particular societies and addition of new dialects occur during a particular period of time.Item Film Translation: Difficulties Encountered in Subtitling(Department of Linguistics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Perera, A.S.Cinema being an expression of culture which may contain diverse cultural remarks, sometimes makes it difficult for the spectator belonging to a different culture to understand what it communicates. Thus linguistic interjection has become helpful in making it possible for the spectators of foreign films to simply understand the content or the message of a film belonging to a distinct culture. With this paper the researcher attempts to present a series of issues in film translation that she feels are particularly problematic in Subtitling. In conducting the research the original versions of multiple films belonging to different languages and cultures, the original film scripts as well as the subtitled versions of the said films were studied and a comparative analysis was done under the qualitative research approach. Consequently, the study identifies several issues a film translator might encounter in Subtitling; the translation of dialects, slang, accents, and the use of multiple languages within a single film and its influence .Through the study, the researcher further examines the reasons which contribute the said challenges and tries to figure out as to which extent the mentioned challenges affect the effectivity of the translation. To conclude, there the viewpoints of 50 film enthusiasts were gathered through a questionnaire in order to observe their attitudes towards Film Translation, particularly Subtitling and the majority shared the view point that it is difficult for Subtitling to become as effective as the original film since the text present on screen always reminds the spectator that they are reading a translation. Yet the majority accepted that subtitles make it convenient for the spectator of the target culture in understanding a source language and a culture which is completely alien to him.Item Dialectal Variations of Sri Lankan English due to Mother Tongue Influence of Sinhala, Tamil and Muslim(Department of Linguistics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Pathirana, R.V.A.R.K.Dialect is a regional or social variety of a language distinguished by minimal lexical, grammatical, phonological or vocabulary, specially a way of speaking differences from the standard variety of the language. Sri Lankan English is the language spoken and understood by the Sri Lankans who speak English as their first language, and/or who are bilingual in English and Sinhala or Tamil. Sri Lanka being a multi-national society, Sri Lankan English consists of a variety of dialects and the way the Sri Lankans speak English as a second language is absolutely different from the original speakers of English. The objectives of the present research are investigation whether Sri Lankan English has provincial dialects and the specific phonological features around provincial dialects. For methodology all the data were collected from the tertiary level students at Advanced Technological Institute - Dehiwala and from the lecturers who speak English as their second language, by conducting face to face interviews, listening to the conversations taking place at the staffroom, meetings, lecture halls and cafeterias. The sample groups were selected considering the province in which they live in. Finally, all the data recorded were separately analysed phonologically to examine the colloquial features and pronunciation variety among the speakers. According to the findings, it was clear that mother tongue influences the pronunciation of any language especially English than the provincial differences. The association of the society may slightly influence the speaking variety of a language.Item Tibeto Burman Languages of Northeast India: Problems and Prospects(Department of Linguistics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Basumatary, A.North East India is the eastern most region of India and constitutes 8% of India‟s size. According to 2011 census, its population is nearly 40 million. The majority of the languages spoken in North East India mostly belong to the Tibeto-Burman (TB) family although in addition to that, there are a few languages belonging to the Indo-Aryan and Austro-Asiatic families. Mostly TB languages are spoken in inaccessible mountain areas and are unwritten, which has seriously hampered in their growth and study. This paper is confined to the Tibeto-Burman (TB) family of languages. The languages of North East India can‟t be primarily counted since it is linguistically unexplored and the accurate number of languages spoken is difficult to provide. A very little work has been done on the North Eastern languages and whatever small amount of work done and available is not dependable and is lack of adequacy. In the first place, none of these languages including scheduled languages viz., Meitei and Bodo are properly planned and described and nothing much has been done for their standardisation. It is to be highly mentioned that North Easterners don‟t differentiate between language and tribe. Each tribe is presumed to have its own language and each language is spoken just by one tribe. Nevertheless tradition of naming a language according to each tribe is not true all the time. This is one major difficulty in identifying language and tribe. Another major difficulty is defining the language and dialect since many mutually intelligible dialects are classified as separate languages. This paper will try to investigate and provide a clear picture of the issues and problems related to North Eastern languages.