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Item Western Hegemony over Eastern resources: Adaptation of western religious symbols by Greco – Bactrian rulers(International Conference on the Humanities (ICH 2018/2019) , Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Jayasekara, M.Following the death of Alexander that marked a relatively brief period of reign, his vast empire fell into the hands of Macedonian leaders. The lands of the old Achaemenid Empire such as Persia, Choarsmia, Parthia, Aria, Bactria-Sogdinia, Syria and Mesopotamia fell under the power of the Seleucids. Eventually, the establishment of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom and the Indo-Greek kingdom further furnished in retaining the Western power over these Eastern lands. Consequently, these political outbreaks braced the Hellenistic traditions to interweave with oriental cultural traditions. In Classical culture, the use of religious symbols such as Omphalos and Labrys are identified as a measure of indicating the restate of their authority over the conquered territories. Besides, the use of divinities to legitimize the power of new rulers can also be recognized as a method which these people had in practice. Systematic observations on the adaptation of religious symbols by the Western rulers who were on Eastern lands had been done in modern scholarship. Osmund Bopearachchi has examined the choice of iconographies of the monetary issues from Alexander the Great to imperial Kushanas and according to him the ‗Apollo sitting on the Omphalos‘ is a monetary type that had acted as the arm of the entire Seleucid dynasty. According to Kyler Erickson and Nicholas L Right, the Seleucid‘s use of ‗Apollo sitting on the Omphalos‘ was not intended to depict a pure Greek image but a mere expression that the oriental population was under the rule of Greeks. Deviating from the commonly dealt Seleucids and the Indo-Greeks, the purpose of this paper is to identify the objective of adapting western religious symbols in monetary issues by the Greco-Bactrian kings over their oriental population. Due to the meager recordings encountered in the ancient historical texts by Classical historians, information on the Greco-Bactrians is chiefly traced from archaeological and numismatic evidence. Stylistic features, overstrikes, iconography and monograms are taken into consideration in observing the numismatic evidence while taking into account the theories in modern scholarship as well as the existing ancient literary sourcesItem A Study on Adapting Local Context in Cartoon Dubbing (With Reference to Sinhala Dubbed English Cartoons in Sirasa & Hiru TV).(The Third International Conference on Linguistics in Sri Lanka, ICLSL 2017. Department of Linguistics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Caldera, A.U.Adapting the local context in cartoon dubbing has become a growing trend in Sri Lanka today. In this process, in spite of the creativity, disappearance of the original story, losing the opportunity of learning English and learning a nonstandard Sinhala language, have been identified as problems by the Sri Lankan parents. The study discusses the perspectives of children on Sinhala dubbed cartoons and English cartoons telecasting in Sirasa TV and Hiru TV and the effectiveness of adapting local context in dubbing is decided on their reasons for preferences for either cartoons. 50 randomly selected students including 25 boys and 25 girls of grade 6, 7 and 8 from Colombo district government schools, were interviewed as they still belong to the age of watching cartoons and capable of giving opinions. Among them, 64% preferred English cartoons saying that they learn new English words and as the language is simple, the story is understood though not knowing the meaning of each word. Further, as they already know Sinhala, they are interested in knowing English, as their parents also compel to watch and stated the adaptation of Sri Lankan context in cartoons create confusion, as they are different from what their parents have told. In addition, the language seems complex for them with some colloquial Sinhala phrases. Comparatively the same group agreed that the jokes could be understood in Sinhala dubbed cartoons than in English. 36% preferred Sinhala dubbed cartoons, disliking English cartoons as their characters speak fast and that made them unable to understand a single word, whereas some declared the language in dubbed cartoons is colloquial as it is “Singlish” that they use in everyday life, therefore, they learn both Sinhala and English words. In this study, a recommendation is made to identify the target audience for effective cartoon dubbing.Item Recent Research Views of Sanskrit Literature(Department of Sanskrit, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, 2016) Kumari, D.S.Sanskrit Literature has the glorious history of about more than 4000 years. The ancient literature, Vedas are available now with more critical commentaries and translations. This applies to the other arena of Sanskrit Literature also. From time to time these have been revised and studied in various measures which have resulted in getting a seemingly new version of these works.Various studies are conducting on Rgveda in the regional languages also which reach more readers. One among them is RgvedaPraveshike in Kannada by a scholar Dr. Ramakrishna. In this work the author gives the seemingly new version about the sūktas rejecting the traditional meaning. He narrates the facts which could be proved historically accurate. The book is without any bias regarding the proven Indian concept about Vedic literature and proved Indian culture. Culture of Encounter is another work by Audrey Truschke, as written, gives us insight into how and why the Moghalsone of the most powerful imperial powers- poured immense energy into Sanskrit thinkers to their court, adopted and adapted Sanskrit – based practices, translated dozens of Sanskrit texts into Persian and composed Persian accounts of Indian philosophy…The first book to read these Sanskrit and Persian works in tandem,Culture of Encounter recasts the Moghal Empire as a multilingual state that collaborated with its Indian subjects to establish its role as an Indian empire. Revisiting a forgotten part of Indian history, Audrey Truschke certifies the critical role of the sociology of the empire in building the Moghal polity, which came to shape the literary and ruling cultures of early modern India forever. Great works of Kalidasa etc. can also be the source of new research as Raghuvamsha can be studied in ample ways as regarding tourism, culture of different parts of India. Abhignanashakuntalam as the conflicts between an ordinary girl with a monarch. Mahabharata of Vyasa has ample options of study.Translations of great works from regional languages to Sanskrit also enhance the research insight of the connoisseurs. A translation of Kannada novel Parva, of S L Bhairappa into Sanskrit by same name gives a new dimension to the Mahabharata.Thus the various branches of Sanskrit literature are the sources for the re-evaluation of the pre-fixed conclusions so that the literature will be ever. The interdisciplinary studies contribute a lot for the development of Sanskrit also.Item A study on the dichotomy between translation and adaptation(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) de Silva, J.The dichotomy between translation and adaptation is one of the major classifications of translation methods related to literary translation. Though these two terms stand for two distinguishable methods, their boundaries appear to have blurred to a certain extent and differentiating each method has become a confusing matter. This study is an attempt to make a clear boundary between the two methods, taking into account definitions and standpoints, etymologies of the terms and the manner that literary translation is conducted. There is a common standpoint that translation means converting the source text into a different language without changing its content whereas adaptation means converting the source text into a different language with changes done according to the preference of the translator. Nevertheless, since aesthetic experience is the expected outcome and the translator is expected to produce on his reader an impression similar to that produced by the original, direct translation is not always adequate for literary translation. Thus, it should be noted that a literary translator necessarily deserves the freedom to add, omit and replace certain elements of the source text during the translation process. Therefore, the method identified as ‘translation’ in literary translation has a wide range which expands from direct translation to free translation. However, due to the changes made to the source work, some translations are misinterpreted as adaptations. In this respect, etymology is a helpful factor in a differentiating adaptation from translation. Accordingly, adaptation can be defined as the process of change in which a work of literature finds a way to suit to its target environment. Thus, it should be noted that only the works of literature which are completely modified to fit the target audience, so that it appears to have emerged from that particular background can be identified as adaptations.