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Item A Structural Linguistic Study of Cumaratunga Munidasa’s Neologisms of Sanskrit Origin(International Conference on Sanskrit and Eastern Studies, 2018 Department of Sanskrit and Eastern Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Randula, K.K.G.Cumaratunga Munidasa (25th July 1887 - 02nd March 1944) is admired as the first scholar to recognise the need of Sinhalese neologisms capable of imparting modern scientific and technical knowledge in the twentieth century. Being the pioneer ideologist of the Sinhalese purist school, he is popularly known for his strong resistance to Sanskrit borrowings. Still, among the neologisms he coined before his ideological shift to extreme purism, a considerable number of neologisms of Sanskrit origin are found. This study attempts to examine the structural linguistic features of these neologisms formed by Cumaratunga employing Sanskrit roots. Accordingly, an adequate corpus of data was collected by referring to a number of books and articles written by Cumaratunga. Theories in structural linguistics were utilised for the data analysis. All the Sanskrit borrowings among Cumaratunga’s neologisms can be broadly categorised into two typological classes as adopted borrowings and adapted borrowings. Adopted borrowings are foreign words introduced into a language without any phonemic alteration in their forms. Among these both complex words and compound words are found. Complex words are the morphological constructions formed by attaching affixes to root forms. These constructions contain both prefixed forms and suffixed forms. Compound words are the morphological constructions that contain more than one root form. Among these both two-root compounds and poly-root compounds are found. Adapted borrowings are foreign words induced into a target language with various formal alterations to assure compliance with its phonology. Vowel shortening, aspiration loss and dentalisation are the three main processes of phonological simplification operated in adapting Sanskrit borrowings. It has been observed that most of the neologisms coined by Cumaratunga employing Sanskrit roots are not original coinages, but loan translations which render meanings borrowed from English with forms borrowed from Sanskrit. Therefore in conclusion it can be stated that such neologisms are of bifurcated originItem First Language Interference in the Usage of English as the Second Language in Sri Lanka(Department of Linguistics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) de Silva, P.M.The English Language is considered as the second language in Sri Lanka and it plays the role of the linking language as well . Therefore, Sri Lankan citizens give a priority to learn English well .Though Sri Lankan English learners are good at writing English, sometimes when they speak English, they use the Sinhalese structure involuntarily .Not only in speaking, but in writing as well, some people use the Sinhalese structure When Sinhalese .people speak in English, their speech differs fromthat of native speakersbecause of the mother .tongue interference Not only through borrowing English words, but also in the manner that sh sentencesEngliare made by the Sinhalese who arewell educated inEnglish , the interference is notably high. Hence the research focuses on exploring first language interference in the usage of English as the second language in Sri Lanka. The research was conducted by interviewing Sri Lankans who learn English as a second Language .Secondary data were gathered from books and internet .The sentence structure in English is completely different from the sentence structure in Sinhalese and through this study, problems which arise through differences in language structures and their influence on learning English Language are discussed. Thus, this research draws attention towards the ways in which mother tongue interfere in the usage of English Language as the second language in Sri Lanka.Item Morphological Characteristics of Sri Lankan English: Some New Observations(Department of Linguistics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Thumbowila, T.M.; Ghosh, R.This paper demonstrates how Sri Lankan English (SLE) has a unique lexical repertoire from distinct from other varieties of English used in the Asian subcontinent. It examines the contribution of morphology in developing a lexical database specific to this variety. It focuses on five morphological processes namely borrowing, compounding, abbreviation, affixation and reduplication, which, according to Halliday (2009), are the most significant ones operational in developing the vocabulary of a national variety of a language. The model of morphological analysis adapted in this paper is based on Seneratne (2009) who analysed the morphology of Sinhalese and English code-mixing. This paper includes a process of intense validation and justification of previous claims in the light of a fresh set of exhaustive data collected through a relatively novel means. Whereas Seneratne‟s (2009) data was from a Sinhala-English corpus, the present work uses the online database of the English newspapers published in Sri Lanka. The search engines inbuilt within the websites of the online newspaper archives act almost like a standard corpus and allow the researchers to find appropriate data relevant for research. Lexical data collected through these search engines used for morphological analysis is optimally reliable since they all come from authentic texts written in Sri Lankan English. The representative words collected this way were categorised across morphological processes and registers that they belong to. It is observed that Borrowing in SLE takes place mainly in five domains as the corresponding registers would attest: Educational, Administrative, Industrial, Religious and Cultural. Compounding, on the other hand, is restricted to Industrial, Religious and Cultural domains. Compared to that, Abbreviations abound in the Administrative domain. Affixation and Reduplication are found in almost all domains illustrating the uniqueness of SLE as a distinct variety of English.Item A Linguistic Study on the Japanese Translation of “Viragaya”(Department of Linguistics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Dayarathne, P.N.N.D.This research discusses the possible cultural influences on translation with special reference to the cultural words found in Professor Tadash Noguchi‟s Japanese translation of the Sinhalese novel “Viragaya” by Martin Wickramasinghe. The aim of this research is to find out how the culture influences translation and how the problems created by cultural words in translation can be solved using the appropriate strategies which suite both surface and contextual meaning of the particular cultural word. The cultural data related to the cultural words from the original text and its translation was categorised according to several sub topics such as religious terms, units of measuring, foods and beverages, clothing items, proper nouns etc. The categorised data was analysed based on the translation strategies used by the translator. The data analysis proved that the cultural words which appear in SL text have been greatly influenced by the Theravada Buddhism where the translator sometimes have found it difficult to translate the concepts to the TL as most of the TL readers are from Mahayana background. Moreover, the translator had to face problems in translating beliefs, traditions and customs appearing in the SL text as they are totally different from that of the target culture. To overcome the aroused problems regarding the cultural words translation, the translator has used three main strategies as; borrowing the words from SL, use of cultural equivalent and creation. This research points out that a literary translator should have sufficient knowledge in both source language and target language along with their respective cultures, aiming a more successful translation which paves the path to the TL readers to touch an untouched culture smoothly.