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Item Usage of dental -/n/ (න) and retroflex -/ɳ/ (ණ) in Sinhalese orthography and word meaning.(International Conference on Sanskrit Studies, 2017 Department of Sanskrit, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) JayaniSameera, M.A.G.Spoken form is the basic nature of a language. Written form of a language has been used by man to transmit his knowledge and experiences to the next generation.Phonetically produced sounds are converted into a visualized form through writing.Usage of correct letters is known as orthography which is considered as most important part in writing. Correct grapheme has to be used in writing otherwise it may cause to meaning difference in Sinhalese. The aim of this research is to identify the usage of dental letter -/n/ (k) and retroflex letter -/ɳ/ (K) in written form of Sinhala language. Research question is how to identify the definite meaning of the wordswhere dental -/n/ (k) and retroflex -/ɳ/ (K) have been used. As the methodology of this research phonetically similar Sinhalese words with dental -/n/ and retroflex -/ɳ/ have been collected. As the secondary resources dictionaries, grammar books and magazines were used to collect data. Then etymology of the collected words has been analyzed. As the result of this research I could identify even though both of these letters are pronounced in almost same manner, contrast in meaning can be seenaccording to the etymology of the word. In order to use dental and retroflex letters to convey the correct meaning and to distinct the meaning difference of the literary words used in Sinhala language, it is important to have a clear understanding about the etymology of the borrowed words.Item The Role of Orthography in Dyslexia(Department of Linguistics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Pandey, K.K.; Jha, S.The objective of the paper is to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the syllabic and alpha-syllabic writing system and the role of grapheme to phoneme conversion among dyslexic children. Researches in the area of learning disabilities have established that dyslexia is a developmental reading disorder that manifests itself in the problems relating to word recognition and the comprehension of written language. With the average or the above average intelligence, both reading and spelling errors can indicate the sign of dyslexia. There are biological as well as environmental factors linked to dyslexia, the primary characteristics of difficulties are associated with reading and writing. Hindi (Hindi and its sub-group) is spoken as a first language in India by about 41.03% of the total population (census, 2001) but most of the Hindi speakers also learn English. This means that they grow up learning one orthographically shallow or transparent language (language- Hindi, script- Devanagari) and another orthographically deep or opaque language (language – English, script – Roman). There are various studies on bilingual/biliterates with respect to English and more regular scripts like, Spanish, German etc., or English and non-alphabetic script like Chinese. However, there are very few researches on writing difficulties with respect to alpha-syllabary scripts such as Indic scripts and English. The first part of the paper traces the language based research and theories of dyslexia which characterise it basically as a linguistic processing problem. The second part of the paper traces the provisions granted by the central and the state governments of India for dyslexic children.