Medicine
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This repository contains the published and unpublished research of the Faculty of Medicine by the staff members of the faculty
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Item Epidemiological patterns and trends of paediatric snakebites in Sri Lanka(Biomed Central, 2024-12) Dayasiri, K.; Caldera, D.; Suraweera, N.; Thadchanamoorthy, V.; Hettiarachchi , M.; Denipitiya, T.; Bandara, S.OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyse the epidemiological patterns of paediatric snake bites in Sri Lanka over a 4-year period (2020-2024).METHODS A multi-centre, retrospective observational study was conducted from June 2020 to June 2024 across nine governmental hospitals in seven provinces of Sri Lanka. Data were collected based on 757 children presenting with snake bites. The snake bites were analysed based on age, gender, and seasonal variations. Data on the type of snake involved, geographic variations and the temporal trends in snake bite occurrences were also analysed.RESULTS The mean age of the 757 children recruited to the study was 10.3 years (SD-5.00, range-0.1-17 years). Males (57.7%) were significantly more affected than females (42.3%) (p < 0.05). Visual identification confirmed the snake species in 58.4% of cases. The hump-nosed viper (16.7%), Russell's viper (14.7%), and common krait (12.9%) were the most common medically important snakes identified in the study. Seasonal peaks in snake bites occurred in May-July and November-December. An increasing trend in snake bite incidence was noted over the first three years, with a slight decline in the final year.CONCLUSION Paediatric snake bites in Sri Lanka show significant age, gender, and seasonal patterns. Targeted public health interventions are needed to mitigate the impact on children.Item Parental knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding safe handling and disposal of alcohol-based hand sanitizers and surface disinfectants in urban Sri Lanka(Ethiopian Pediatric Society, 2024) Dayasiri, K.; Pathiraja, H.; De Soyza, E.K.N.; Thadchanamoorthy, V.; Dassanayaka, S.J.S.INTRODUCTION Hand sanitizers were increasingly used in most households during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess knowledge and practices regarding the safe handling and disposal of alcohol-based hand sanitizers and surface disinfectants in urban Sri Lanka.METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed including parents of children admitted to North Colombo Teaching Hospital for a period of one year in August 2021. Data were collected regarding parental knowledge about the safe handling and disposal of hand sanitizers, and their health hazards by paediatric post-graduate trainees. All data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0. Chi-square test was used to find the association of overall knowledge and attitude scores with potential sociodemographic determining factors.RESULTS A total of 153 parents were recruited. The majority of mothers (126, 82.4%) and fathers (133, 86.9%) had attended up to secondary school. Approximately 113(73.9%) parents believed that pre-school children were the most vulnerable for accidental ingestion of sanitizers and 40 parents (26.1%) did not believe that sanitizer solutions can be accidentally inhaled by toddlers. Only 132 parents (86.2%) knew how to disinfect their home premises safely and 29 parents (18.9%) didn’t know how to store cleaning products safely. Overall, lower knowledge scores correlated with lower maternal education (p<0.05) and lower socio-economic status (p<0.05). The gender (p = 0.06) and age of the parent (>35 years versus <35 years) (p = 0.21) did not show a significant association. Attitude scores positively correlated with parental education (p<0.002) and socio-economic status (p<0.03). The gender (p = 0.12) and age of the parent (>35 years versus <35 years) (p = 0.07) did not show a significant association.CONCLUSION Overall knowledge and attitude scores in parents were associated with education level of parents and the level of socio- economic status. Gender and parental age did not show a significant association.Item Acute pericarditis in a child during the recovery period of multisystem inflammatory syndrome(The Sri Lanka Collage of Paediatricians, 2024) Lokuhewage, C.; Dayasiri, K.No abstract availableItem Management strategies for common viral infections in pediatric renal transplant recipients(Baishideng Publishing Group, 2024) Ranawaka, R.; Dayasiri, K.; Sandamali, E.; Gamage, M.Viral infections have been considered as a major cause of morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation in pediatric cohort. Children are at high risk of acquiring virus-related complications due to immunological immaturity and the enhanced alloreactivity risk that led to maintenance of high immunosuppressive regimes. Hence, prevention, early detection, and prompt treatment of such infections are of paramount importance. Among all viral infections, herpes viruses (herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus), hepatitis B and C viruses, BK polyomavirus, and respiratory viruses (respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, influenza virus and adenovirus) are common in kidney transplant recipients. These viruses can cause systemic disease or allograft dysfunction affecting the clinical outcome. Recent advances in technology and antiviral therapy have improved management strategies in screening, monitoring, adoption of prophylactic or preemptive therapy and precise treatment in the immunocompromised host, with significant impact on the outcome. This review discusses the etiology, screening and monitoring, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of common viral infections in pediatric renal transplant recipients.Item Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: A rare disorder in a neonate(Sri Lanka College of Paediatricians, 2024) Punchihewa, D.S.G.; Fonseka, J.R.; Jayarathne, R.N.; Dayasiri, K.; Sumanasekera, K.H.T.I.; Dayarathna, R.M.A.N.; Nawarathne, M.V.D.No abstract availableItem Presentation of posterior tongue-tie in a young infant mimicking oral candidiasis: A diagnostic challenge(Sri Lanka College of Paediatricians, 2024) Dayasiri, K.; Suraweera, N.; Joyce, J.; Uhlig, U.No abstract availableItem Monkey tapeworm (Bertiella studeri) infection in a toddler(Sri Lanka College of Paediatricians, 2023) Bandara, P.K.B.U.C.; Dayasiri, K.No abstract availableItem Hypopharyngeal foreign body impaction presenting late as acute onset torticollis due to retropharyngeal abscess formation in a child(Sri Lanka College of Paediatricians, 2023) Sooreakumar, A.; Dissanayake, D.M.D.T.; Wijenayake, W.; Bandara, P.K.B.U.C.; Dayasiri, K.; Mettananda, S.No abstract availableItem Hypoglycaemic seizure in a child following ingestion of Coccinia grandis(Postgraduate Institute of Medicine University of Colombo, 2023) Bandara, P.K.B.U.C.; Dayasiri, K.No abstract availableItem Epidemiology of acute poisoning among children in urban Sri Lanka: the experience of two tertiary care hospitals in Colombo district(The Jaffna Medical Association, 2023) Dayasiri, K.; Thadchanamoorthy, V.; Jansz, M.; Dassanayake, S.; Anand, G.Acute poisoning in children is an important public health problem and one of the leading causes of emergency department admissions following childhood injuries. Although most paediatric ingestions are accidental, children are at a higher risk for serious complications following ingestion of a similar toxic dose compared to adults. The current study evaluated the recent patterns and trends in acute poisoning among children in two tertiary care centers in urban Sri Lanka: Lady Ridge Hospital for Children, Colombo and North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Ragama. Out of 200 cases, the majority were between 1-5 years and male children outnumbered female children. The most common poisons included kerosene oil, paracetamol and “Good Luck” plants. Complication rate was low, and no mortalities were reported. Deliberate poisoning accounted for 1% of total poisonings. The current trends in poisoning among children living in urban Sri Lanka showed decreasing incidence of pesticide poisonings and increasing incidence of pharmaceutical poisonings and poisoning with ornamental plants.