Medicine
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This repository contains the published and unpublished research of the Faculty of Medicine by the staff members of the faculty
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Item Implications of prolactin abnormalities on the male reproductive tract and male factor infertility(Quest Journals Inc., 2016) Hasan, R.; Wijesinghe, J.A.A.S.INTRODUCTION: A significant proportion of male population suffer from Male Factor Infertility (MFI) due to prolactin abnormalities. OBJECTIVE: To establish the role of prolactin on the male reproductive system. METHODOLOGY: A case control study was carried out to determine the effects of prolactin abnormalities in otherwise normal 297 males with infertility after obtaining an informed written consent. Each of the participants was subjected to a Basic Seminal Fluid Analysis(BSA) and an endocrine profile (Follicular Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, Testosterone and Prolactin levels). An age, Sex, height and weight matched voluntary control group was recruited for comparison. None of the cases had any medical or surgical disorder or occupational hazardous exposure which related to infertility. RESULTS: Among the controls mean age 33.2 years+/-5.2, body mass index 21.4+/- 1.39Kgm-2, sperm count 34 x 106, number of children fathered 2+/-1, Serum prolactin level 6.78+/- 2.92mg/ml. Of the case group 28/297 were hyperprolactinemic while 1/297 was hypoprolactinaemia. All the hyperprolactinemic patients had oligospermia, abnormal morphology of sperms, with reduced viability of the sperms. 26/28 Subjects with hyperprolactinaemia had markedly low testosterone levels. The only subject with hypoprolactinaemia had normal testosterone levels. FSH and LH levels were normal in all the participants. 29 subjects with abnormal prolactin levels were followed up for 12 months. 28 patients with hyperprolactinaemia were given oral bromocriptine (2.5mg twice daily). The response with bromocriptine was assessed with repeated Basic Semen Analysis. After 3 months of therapy 19/29 cases showed an improved response to the drug while 4/28 responded after 6 months of treatment. 1/28 took 1 year to show a response. 2 of the cases showed some improvement which fell short of normal BSA parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Prolactin abnormalities affects male reproductive system and semen parameters. Further studies should be carried out to find the exact mechanism of prolactin on the male reproductive system.Item The Effects of abnormal prolactin levels on semen parameters on male white rats.(Quest Journals Inc., 2016) Hasan, R.; Wijesinghe, J.A.A.S.INTRODUCTION:High prolactin levels drastically inhibit sperm production and its quality. The role of high prolactin levels on the male reproductive system has not been completely elucidated and thus its exact role in male factor infertility remains unclear. Hence this study was carried out in order to establish its effects. OBJECTIVE:To determine the effects of prolactin levels on semen parameters of male white rats. METHODOLOGY: A case control study was carried out in the Animal house of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka. Ethical consent was obtained from the Ethical review committee, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna. 10+/- 2 week old, 200+/-10 g weighted Wistar strain male white rats weregrouped as G1-G6, with 30 rats per group. They were maintained in separately labeled cages at room temperature of 28+/- degrees Celsius. Hyperprolactinemia was induced in G3, G4 and G5 by using oral largactil a daily dose of 10mg/kg in two divided doseson G3, and subcutaneousinjections of fluphenazine in adose of 0.42mg/kg and 0.84mg/kg on G4and G5 respectively given as single doze in the morning. Hypoprolactinaemia was induced in G2 by using oral bromocriptine in a daily dose of 4.65mg/kg in two divided doses. After 100 days PR Llevels were assayed together with a BSA assessment on each of the groups. Results were compared with corresponding control groups and with each of the groups. RESULTS: The difference between the experimentally obtained values and corrected values for the serum PRL concentrations in the G2 which was administered bromocriptine to induce hypoprolactinaemia was found to be highly significant with compared to the control group by student’s t-test. The difference between the experimentally obtained values and corrected values for the serum PRL concentrations in the G3, G4, G5 which was administered largactil, low dose fluphenazine, high dose fluphenazine respectively to induce hyperprolactinaemia was found to be highly significant with compared to the control group by student’s t-test. Mortality, morphology, cell counts per field and the concentration of sperms seems to affected by serum PRL levels. A correlation between different PRL levels and the semen parameters was evident as those with high PRL levels show more abnormal basic semen analytical parameters while those with a moderate rise of PRL levels and hypoprolactinaemic rats show better basic semen analytical parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The level of serum PRL in white male rats has an effect on semen parameters. The level of effect is proportionate to the level of serum PRL. It is clearly evident that mortality, morphology, cell counts per field and the concentration of sperms are affected by PRL. Thus abnormal PRL levels appear to exert an effect on the spermatogenetic cycle.