"Arthikavidya" Journal of Economics Students’ Society

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Challenges in vegetables and fruits exports in Sri Lanka
(Economics Student Society, Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Madanayake, E.K.
Every day around the world, there are more people who need food on their plates and also the world’s population has increased by 1 billion since the turn of the millennium, and it keeps increasing by 3 million every year. At the same time, living standards have improved noticeably for many around the world, leading to increased demand for better quality fresh food. (Ceylon chamber of commerce, 2007). Therefore fresh vegetables and fruits production require more attention, so identification of issues and methods and strategies to be taken to solve the associated problems of fresh fruits and vegetable exporting industry is remedial action. Hence this article lead to identification of problems associated with the fresh fruits and vegetable export industry.
Dairy Industry trends in Sri Lanka
(Economics Student Society, Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Pathumsha, H.M.A.V.
Milk is inherited by the nature as a much tasted drink as well as high nutritious liquid food. Milk is consumed the every man at least one time in their duration of life. As an agricultural country, the dairy industry of Sri Lanka has survived in thousands of years. Prior to adopt the open economic policies in 1977, Sri Lanka had become self sufficient in milk. After adopting the open economic policies, imported milk products were attracted to consume exceedingly since they had very lower prices. Therefore, the demand for domestic dairy products had fallen and the dairy farmers were discouraged. Then dairy industry in Sri Lanka was subject to recession and it had made many harmful effects to the economy. Hence, this article is focused on understanding the current situation of the dairy industry, identifying the problems and prospects of this sector and adduce the suitable policies and programmes for develop the dairy industry in Sri Lanka.
Determinants of Personal Financial literacy
(Economics Student Society, Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Chandrasiri, B.P.G.S.P.; Kumara, W.A.P.I.
This paper attempt to posit about financial literacy as whole and which factor have been affected to determine level of financial literacy. The objectives of this study are to identify the determinants of personal financial literacy and to suggest what strategies are needed to increase the personal financial literacy. Secondary data and primary data have been used for this. According to previous studies about financial literacy some factors such as Age, Gender, Household income, education, money management, spending habit, work experience, are effected to determine level of personal financial literacy. Therefore this factors can be identify as main factors effected on financial literacy. This paper suggested that needs develop national financial education frameworks collaboration of parents, educators, financial institutions and policy makers to improve personal financial literacy.
Determinants of Personal Savings: A Review of Literature
(Economics Student Society, Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Niwanthika, T.M.T.
This study examines the determinants of personal savings a review of literature. Therefore, the objectives of the study are to identify the determinants of personal savings and to examine the pattern of personal savings behavior. According to the previous empirical studies, motives, savings habits, age, income, income uncertainty, wealth, risk tolerance, saving horizon, homeownership, household composition, health status, education, race/ethnicity, self-employment, and unemployment have all been linked to some aspect of saving and this determinants are directly and indirectly proportional to personal savings.
The Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) and the International Trade of Sri Lanka
(Economics Student Society, Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Perera, I.G.A.N.
The Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) is a popular preferential tariff system which is excluded from regular rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Many developing countries including Sri Lanka have granted the GSP benefit from the European Union (EU) and some other developed countries like United States of America. This article has discussed the importance of the GSP as a preferential tariff system in view of advantages, disadvantages and effects of withdrawing it from the European Union. The paper has revealed that the withdrawal of GSP plus from the European Union was not negatively affected on Sri Lankan foreign trade volume and values. The analysis was totally based on the secondary information such as custom reports, books and the internet.
History and Evolution of England Banking System
(Economics Student Society, Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Rathnayake, R.M.D.H.
Banking in the United Kingdom can be considered to have started in the Kingdom of England in the 17th century. The first activity in what later came to be known as banking was by goldsmiths who, after the dissolution of English monasteries by Henry VIII, began to accumulate significant stocks of gold. The Bank of England has a longstanding interest in the structure of the financial system. System structure can affect financial stability through influencing the cost and availability of the financial services on which households and businesses depend. The country's banking sector consists of more than 340 commercial banks, with the Bank of England, which is the economy's central bank, at the apex. Since the 1970s, the U.K government has implemented a number of banking sector reforms - in order to safeguard and improve the banking sector. By any standard, the U.K. currently has one of the most developed banking systems in world. The country has enjoyed a substantial bank-based financial sector development over the years, and its institutional framework has also grown stronger. However, like any other financial system, the U.K. banking system still faces wide-ranging challenges, such as less than adequate disclosure standards, contagion risk from the euro zone, squeezed interest margin and uncertainties caused by changes in regulatory regimes. This article tracks the history evolution of a core component of the banking system in the United Kingdom, the banking sector, describing how technology has transformed the economics of banking, and how deregulation in the 1970s and 1980s freed banks to take advantage of new opportunities through globalization and financial innovation.
Micro Finance Institutions in Sri Lanka
(Economics Student Society, Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Perera, U.D.H.B.
The formal rural financial sector in Sri Lanka comprises a large number of Micro financial institutions (MFIs). These MFIs, play an important role in meeting the rural credit needs in rural sector in Sri Lanka. MFIs have gained an increasing share of financial assets, which has been particularly helpful for satisfying the growing demand for loans and advances in poor people in the country. However, performance of MFIs in Sri Lanka is less than satisfactory and highly criticized today. Poor performance has been attributed to poor management of assets and consequently, the sustainability of these institutions is uncertain. Moreover, an attention to the efficiency of MFIs in Sri Lanka is more concern to the general public given collapses of several formal and informal MFIs. So, Microfinance is increasingly being considered as one of the most effective tools of reducing poverty. Microfinance has a significant role in bridging the gap between the formal financial institutions and the rural poor. The Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) accesses financial resources from the Banks and other mainstream Financial Institutions and provide financial and support services to the poor. This article reveals which is the Micro Finance Institutions and its role in Sri Lankan economy.
New trends of online banking in Sri Lanka
(Economics Student Society, Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Fernando, K.C.L.
Expansion of broadband, 3G services and internet based services actively changed consumer behaviour in Sri Lankan customers. The purpose of providing online banking to reduce physical distance between modern world customers and bank. This study was carried out to identify new trends of internet banking, factors that caused the increase in on-line banking and study customer opinion on online banking. The study area was limited to Gampaha district. Random sampling method was used to choose survey sample. Sample size included 150 customers. Primary and secondary data were collected during the survey. Time series data were used to identify trends of online banking. This study was done using a questionnaire and conducting personal interviews. According to the research data, there are new trends to use online bill payments & money transfer facilities among Sri Lankan customers. Level of education, customer’s reliability on internet banking, gender, age, & convenient of online banking services, can be identified as factors which are directly effect to the usage of internet banking. Among the selected group, 80% of customers have positive opinion on online banking. According to the data analysis, there is a slowly increasing growth of using online banking in Sri Lanka on time.
The performance of Export in Sri Lanka
(Economics Student Society, Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Herath, H.M.N.M.; Chathurika, K.I.A.
Exports are the goods and services that are made in one country and transmitted to foreigners. When consider about the Sri Lankan economy, Export is playing a major role with international trade. Since 1977, Sri Lankan Closed economy had move to the Open economy and began to deals with the international trade. Considering Sri Lanka’s export markets, a few important trends are visible. Sri Lanka's most dynamic industries now are food processing, textiles and apparel, food and beverages, telecommunications, and insurance and banking. Main export partners are United States, United Kindom, Germany, Belgium and Italy. According to annual report of Central bank, Sri Lanka, the country’s export performance during the four decades that have ensued has been disappointing. But in September of 2016, the exports in Sri Lanka increased 5.7 percent year-on-year to USD Million. The purpose of this paper is to present exposition and explanation of the performance of Export in Sri Lanka. And it is expected to discuss how exports effect for the Sri Lankan economy. We referred secondary data such as Central bank reports, Magazines, and internet for this analysis.
Recent Changes in Balance of Trade in Sri Lanka
(Economics Student Society, Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Jayasooriya, J.M.L.N.; Subodhani, M.A.U.
Balance of Trade in Sri Lanka became a main issue in national development over the past. Balance of Trade is the main component of Balance of Payment. It is very important to study changes of Balance of Trade. Because it affected growth and distribution. The main objective of this paper is to identify the determinants of the recent changes of Balance of Trade in Sri Lanka. This article was depend on secondary data obtained from reports and statistics extracted from the publications of the Department of Census & statistics and the Central Bank of Sri Lanka. The analysis revealed that Balance of Trade has changed over the past causing great influence to the macroeconomic stability.
The Relationship between Economic Growth and International Trade in Sri Lanka: A Review
(Economics Student Society, Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Damayanthi, M.G.S.; Sandamali, G.G.G.P.
International trade is the exchange of capital, goods and services across the international borders or territories which could involve the activities the government and individual. There are three main facts aware in international trade. They are supply of productive factors, Method of productive technology and efficiency of productive factors. Economic growth means an increase in real gross domestic product (GDP). This increase in the value of national output. According to the Smith’s absolute theory, specialization in the production of only few goods by nations will lead to increase the efficient and production. That means autarky level price differences will lead to international trade. Because of this theory the international trade is a reason for economic growth. The theory of comparative advantage was present by David Ricardo, the theory is known as the main principle of the international trade that explains mutually beneficial trading relationship between countries. Because of this theory we can said, the international trade help to the country’s economic growth. Any economy can reach to the economic growth by connecting with an open economy. Therefore, to appearance economic growth mainly important thing is international trade. When it is consider about the theoretical facts of international trade and the economic growth, the method of analyzing international trade and economic growth by Heckscher Ohlin theory (HO theory) and the idea of the capitalist economist are analyze by this article. Before the 1977, Sri Lanka referred enclosed economy and after the 1977 Sri Lanka referred, the open economy and they used international trade after that period. This is the reason of economic growth in Sri Lanka. This article explain the relationship between economic growth and international trade in view of economic performance of Sri Lanka.
Trade Policy in Developing Countries
(Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Chathurika, H.G.; Perera, K.M.R.T.; Walpola W.T.S.
The World Bank and its affection towards economic development in Sri Lanka
(Economics Student Society, Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Dinelka, M.C.
The World Bank functions as an international organization that fights poverty by offering development assistance to middle – income and low – income countries. As World Bank’s stated official goal is the reduction of poverty. The World Bank has set two ambitious goals to push extreme poverty to no more three percent by 2030, and to promote shared prosperity and greater equity in the developing world. According to the history of World Bank it was established in 1944 and before 1974 the reconstruction and development loans were relatively small. From 1974 to 1980 their size and number of loans to borrowers were increased and 1980, the World Bank Administrative Tribunal was established. As well as Jim Young Kim is the current president of the World Bank. The World Bank is different from the World Bank Group an extended family of five international organizations. However their world bank’s stated official goal is the reduction of poverty. For the poorest developing countries in the world, the world bank's assistance plans are based on poverty reduction strategies; by combining a cross-section of local groups with an extensive analysis of the country's financial and economic situation the world bank develops a strategy pertaining uniquely to the country in question. At that manner the World Bank had recognized Sri Lanka as a lower middle-income country with a total population of 21.0 million people. Strong economic growth in the last decade has led to improved shared prosperity and an important decline in poverty. As Sri Lanka aspires to become a higher middle-income country, it will need to adjust its development model. The Country Partnership Framework a strategic plan that defines the World Bank Group’s engagement with its partner countries. According to the World Bank, the country partnership framework supports to the government of Sri Lanka in implementing its reforms to achieve greater competitiveness through three strategic priorities. As well as the world bank’s support in Sri Lanka includes 13 active projects operating in 163 locations. Among these projects World Bank delighted to contribute their global experience to support Sri Lanka in its journey to preserve wetland, educate the public and reduce the social and economic impact of floods in Colombo. As well as World Bank concentrates to Sri Lanka through the different kind of projects and going to make new partnership framework to build up Sri Lankan economy without the poverty. So the World Bank delighted to contribute their global experiences to support Sri Lanka.
අධි තාක්ෂණික බැංකු සේවා සහ එහි ප‍්‍රවණතා
(Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Nivanthika, T.M.T.
ආර්ථික සංවර්ධන ක්‍රියාවලියෙහි කෘෂි අංශයේ දායකත්වය
(Economics Student Society, Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Weerakoon, W.M.D.S.
කරදිය ධීවර කර්මාන්තය සහ මුහුදු බද ජනතාවගේ දරිද්‍රතාවය
(Economics Student Society, Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Sandaruwani, W.W.H.
කොළඔ නගරයේ පැල්පත්වාසීන්ගේ නිවාස අවශ්‍යතාව සහ සමාජ ආර්ථික ජන ජීවිතය
(Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Perera, I.G.A.N.; Pathumsha, H.M.A.V.; Perera, W.G.L.; Prasadani, K.V.C.; Rathnayake, R.M.C.
ග‍්‍රාමීය ආර්ථීකය හා මූල්‍ය සාක්ෂරතාව
(Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Pushpakumara, M.A.C.N.
ගෝලීය ආර්ථික ප‍්‍රවණතා, අභියෝග හා ශ‍්‍රී ලංකාවේ ආර්ථිකය
(Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Rathnayake, R.M.D.H.
ජාත්‍යන්තර මූල්‍ය අරමුදල හා ශ්‍රී ලංකා ආර්ථිකය
(Economics Student Society, Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Jayapathma, J.H.M.K.B.