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Item MITIGATING ELEPHANT MORTALITY FROM TRAIN COLLISIONS IN SRI LANKA: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS AND STRATEGIC RECOMMENDATIONS(The Library, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2024) Abeysinghe, S. B.; Ranaweera, R. A. A. S.Elephant motility due to train collisions is a major conservation issue in Sri Lanka, threatening the survival of the Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and disrupt the equilibrium of the ecosystem. The purpose of this lines. Some of the main causes are high train speed, the division of habitat, the absence of efficient underpass and overpass for train and wildlife respectively. Temporal analysis shows more collisions during the night and early morning when elephants are active by moving around. These collisions also have severe consequences on elephants; they alter their social relations and reduce their ability to reproduce, which is detrimental to the species’ survival in the long run. The measures suggested to prevent elephant-train collision are as follows: Speed limits in affected areas, construction of safe crossing points, increased awareness and involvement of the local communities. Also, future research in the behavioral and spatial dynamics of elephants is essential for enhancing the efficacy of the measures being proposed. It is important to conserve the Asian elephant to maintain rich ecosystems in Sri Lanka. The findings of this study should be used to support the conservation of wildlife and their habitats while also facilitating the needs of the people.Item A STUDY OF DR. K.D.G. WIMALARATNE’S ROLE IN DOCUMENTATION MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION(The Library, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2024) Sajeewani, H. W. K.; Wimalasiri, B. G. S. P.We are currently in an era where information is central to nearly all aspects of life. Effective management and archiving of documents play a crucial role in preserving this information, which is vital for safeguarding knowledge. Knowledge preservation has benefited significantly from advances in records management and conservation. This study aims to explore the academic contributions of Dr. K. D. G. Wimalaratne, a distinguished historian, expert in records management and preservation, visiting lecturer, and former Director of the National Archives. The research was conducted through a literature review based on secondary sources. The findings reveal that Dr. Wimalaratne has authored 26 books and pamphlets on various subjects, along with 20 research papers. Notably, the Lake House Library maintains a special section named after him, which contains 117 newspaper articles, of which 93 were penned by Dr. Wimalaratne. His work also had a lasting impact on education, as he was instrumental in incorporating "History" into the school curriculum. As a scholar, teacher, researcher, writer, and professional in the fields of document archiving, records management, and conservation, Dr. Wimalaratne's legacy is profound. His contributions are particularly significant in an era where these fields should garner more attention from contemporary researchers.Item POLICY IMPLEMENTATION ON REBUILDING SRI LANKAN TOURISM INDUSTRY DURING POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC PERIOD FROM 2019 TO 2023(The Library, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2024) Gnanathilaka, L. P. S. D.Tourism industry acts as an engine of growth in Sri Lanka which links so many other sectors in the economy. With the unprecedented crisis of COVID-19, tourism and its networked sectors were severely affected. Many researchers have studied the impact of the pandemic on different sectors including the tourism industry. Despite having all those, it was identified that there is a little amount of researches have been done on the strategies and governmental policies which have been implemented by the Government of Sri Lanka (GoSL), Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL), Sri Lanka Tourist Development Authority (SLTDA) and the Board of Investment of Sri Lanka (BOI) to rebuild the Sri Lankan tourism industry. Hence, this study aims to study the policy implementation in Sri Lanka towards the tourism industry during the post-pandemic period using the secondary data from the sources of SLTDA, BOI and so on. Mainly, mixed research method was used into this study where quantitative data analyzed the performance of tourism industry through descriptive analysis and qualitative data analyzed the policies that were implemented during post-pandemic period. Findings of the study reveals that the tourist arrivals, tourist receipts, food and accommodation and both direct and indirect employment opportunities of tourism industry was severely hindered by the COVID-19 pandemic with rigorous decline of their performance until 2021. In 2022, they achieved rapid increase implementing policies such as granting debt moratorium, providing Saubagya COVID-19 Renaissance Facility and Jaya Isura loan scheme to provide working capital for enterprises in tourism industry, granting visa-free entry for visitors from seven countries, developing domestic tourism in parallel to the promotion of international tourism and so on. Yet, Sri Lankan tourism industry is needed to adapt advanced technology and effective marketing strategies in order to solve the issues that faced during the pandemic period.Item THE CONTRIBUTION OF SIR HENRY WARD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SRI LANKAN AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION (1855 -1860)(The Library, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2024) Hewawasan, H. H. N. S.Since the beginning of colonization, agriculture which centered on paddy cultivation prevailed as the major occupation of Sri Lankan inhabitants as a result of the favorable environmental conditions of the island. Even though paddy cultivation primarily revolved around the areas of the dry zone among others, the inadequacy of water in the zone posed a significant threat, due to the concern which, the ancient kings took the initiative of building substantial irrigational works to propel the growth of paddy cultivation. However, the fall of ancient kingdoms, the relocation of areas of control to the Southwest and the arrival of the Europeans to the island in the fifteenth century paved the pathway to the deterioration of irrigation and thus the gradual decline of local agriculture. As a result of the diversion of European attention from the welfare of the people to the development of commercial crops to increase their revenue, it was impossible to expect that the Europeans would preserve and restore the might of Sri Lankan agriculture. Nevertheless, certain efforts have been undertaken to develop agriculture and restore irrigation by the Dutch during their occupation on the island as they sought to lessen the expenditure spent on rice imports. Similarly, several British administrators concentrated their attention on agriculture in various ways. Among them, those who were instated into power after 1855 hold importance. Thus, the focus of the study is to investigate the efforts of Sir Henry Ward, who was one of the first British administrators to look empathetically at the troubles of native inhabitants. He travelled to the dry zone and the cultivable lands by himself to attempt to understand the realistic living conditions of the people after which he launched agriculture development projects. Furthermore, he began the restoration process of deteriorated agriculture by recultivating large acres of paddy through the restoration of irrigation canals, which provided water for the paddy fields. This research is intended to be carried out by studying literary sources, which would include British administration reports, sessional papers and other governmental sources as primary sources. Subsequently, secondary sources relevant to the area of focus are expected to be duly analyzed. The study discerns that, there has been European intervention in the fields of agriculture and irrigation not only during the British period but also in the Dutch period in Sri Lanka. Simultaneously, the scope of the study weighs the contribution of Sir Henry Ward to the restoration of agriculture within the island in relation to his successors and predecessors.Item AN INVESTIGATION OF THE HEALTH CONDITION OF THE BRITISH ARMY TROOPS POSTED IN THE KANDYAN PROVINCES (1815 - 1820)(The Library, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2024) Dilhani, A.The British conquered the island of Ceylon in 1815, after establishing their power over the maritime provinces of the island in 1796. Following the establishment of British dominion in Ceylon, there were several native uprisings, especially in 1817 and 1818, which the British forces successfully suppressed. However, it was not only Europeans who were commissioned by the British forces; there were Malay, Indian, and Capri individuals working for the British troops. Despite the ordinary challenges that a foreign force has to encounter in battling the enemy forces, the British troops had to tackle the weather conditions of the unknown territories while maintaining assembly points. Subsequently, British troops had to endure a multitude of health problems and diseases which arose from natural disasters. The research problem is to investigate the health problems faced by the British troops who were serving in the highlands between 1815 and 1820 and what treatment methods were adopted in terms of disease prevention. The research objective is to identify the diseases and the challenges they faced as well as the prevention methods among the soldiers who were working in the upland areas. The Historical Research Method has been used for this research. British administrative records, works written by British officials in this country based on their experiences reports and other literary sources were review for this research. The information identified there was analyzed through qualitative data. When examining the period from 1815 to 1820, it is discernible that the state of health of the British soldiers was miserable, as fever, smallpox and cholera resulted in the deterioration of the health condition amid adverse weather conditions and natural disasters.Item CONTRIBUTION OF THE SRI LANKAN SOURCES FOR STUDYING THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF INDIA (FROM 5TH CENTURY B.C. TO 4TH CENTURY B.C.)(The Library, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2024) Manatunga, D. K.Sri Lanka has a strong historical tradition and is rich in it’s historical sources. In this context, it is important to study Sri Lankan historical sources in order to obtain a better understanding of the history of nearby India and other South Asian countries. Many scholars have recognised the historical significance and authenticity of Sri Lankan chronicles such as the Dipavamsa, Mahavamsa and Attakatha as historical sources. Many details or information contained in these sources are in line with archaeological sources and foreign records. Owing to the confusion that was found in Indian sources, it was difficult to study the Indian history in a clear perspective in such a situation. The help received from Sri Lankan sources in order to construct Indian history is invaluable especially during the period from 6th century B.C. to 4th century B.C. Sri Lankan sources in particular have contributed very much to average and determine the years and periods relating to the Haryanka, Sisunaga, Nanda and Maurya dynasties. Many historians believe that Sri Lankan sources are more reliable with regard to this period than Indian sources. The main objective of this research is to study the Indian political history from the 5th century B.C. to the 4th century B.C. with a view to analyze the contribution made by Sri Lankan sources to study and construct the ancient Indian history. Accordingly, the discussion is mainly focused on political history of India during the stipulated period. The research methodology used is the study of primary sources. In this connection, information provided by Sri Lankan chronicles and Attakathas in relation to the Indian history was comparatively examined with those in Indian sources. In this study it was able to identify the main tendencies in the political spheres in Indian history during the specified period. It was also able to identify the royal dynasties and their correct sequences with correct dates.Item SUPPLY CHAIN OF TEA EXPORT IN SRI LANKA(The Library, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2024) Seneviratne, W. S. A.; Weerasingha, M. G. D. L.Sri Lanka’s tea industry plays a vital role in its economy, contributing significantly to employment, GDP, and foreign exchange earnings. This paper examines the supply chain of tea exports in Sri Lanka, focusing on improving its efficiency, sustainability, and competitiveness in the global market. The research identifies key aspects such as production, processing, logistics, marketing, and regulatory frameworks that influence the tea supply chain. The study employs a qualitative approach, analyzing historical data, trade statistics, and current practices within the industry. It also examines challenges and bottlenecks, particularly those affecting smallholder farmers and exporters. The Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model is used as the analytical framework to evaluate inefficiencies and recommend strategic improvements. Key findings reveal that Sri Lanka’s tea industry, while globally competitive, faces inefficiencies in logistics, outdated processing technologies, and a lack of modern marketing strategies. The analysis highlights the pivotal role of the Colombo Tea Auction, which handles 70% of tea exports, and the need for enhanced transparency and quality standards in the auction process. To address these issues, the study recommends adopting sustainable agricultural practices, upgrading processing technologies, and improving logistics infrastructure. Enhanced marketing strategies, including leveraging digital platforms, are also critical for positioning Ceylon tea as a premium product globally. The paper calls for collaboration between government and private stakeholders to implement these strategies and ensure the long-term success of Sri Lanka’s tea export industry. By implementing these recommendations, Sri Lanka can safeguard its tea industry’s competitiveness while supporting economic development and maintaining its position as a leading global tea exporter.Item USING CATALOGUING RULES FOR EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATION OF BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION OF NON-BOOK MATERIALS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW(The Library, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2024) Madumali, P. B. I.; Wanigasooriya, P.This study investigates the organization of bibliographical information for non-print materials in libraries, focusing on the absence of standard formats. It explores the effectiveness, benefits, and challenges of using catalouging formats. The research utilizes various databases, analyzing studies for relevance to assess catalouging models in terms of accuracy, accessibility, and usability. Study explores the catalouging and bibliographic organization of non-print materials, tracing the evolution from foundational codes like Cutter's dictionary catalogue code to modern standards. It highlights contributions by key figures like Lubetsky, British and Amarican library associations, IFLA and RDA working committee emphasizing consistent and accurate representation across various formats, including audio-visual and electronic resources. Initially, above codes focused on physical descriptions of materials like audiovisual media, electronic sources, and graphic materials. Over time, these codes evolved to include content and access details, reflecting technological advancements. The research highlights the effectiveness, benefits, and challenges of using indexing models to categorize non-book sources, emphasizing the shift from describing external to internal characteristics. Various strategies, including controlled vocabularies and specific rules, have been developed to enhance the organization and retrieval of bibliographic information in diverse media.Item A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE LAWS RELATING TO BOOK DESCRIPTION IN THE ANGLO-AMERICAN CATALOGUING RULES (AACR) WITH BUDDHIST BIBLIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS AND THE DHAMMA CHAKKAPPAVATTANA SUTRA OF THE CHATUBHANAVARAPALI(The Library, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2024) Ananda Tissa, R. D.Knowledge has been protected, maintained and preserved through oral transmission since the period of Vedic culture. It is a clear fact that the habit of reading has become an integral part of human society since the days of the invention of script and writing. The instances which describe Buddhist attitude on Sruthi (memory) related to the religious literature can be seen in the Commentaries and the Tripitaka. A good example for the systematic organization of writings that appears in Buddhist literature is the Dhamma Chakkappavattana Sutra in the Chatubhanavarapali of the Sutra Pitakaya, which is classified into sections in the first Dharma Sangayana. Reviewing the source of Buddhist literature, the study analyzed the issues that influenced the publication of the works named Nikaya related to Sutra Pitakaya. The primary purpose of this study is to compare the cataloguing techniques of Buddhist bibliographic analysis and the laws related to the description of books mentioned in the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR). Historical research methods have been used. The data collection was based on information appeared in Sutra Pitakaya and later classical based on Sutra Pitakaya. The information included in the written tradition or folklore relevant to the study was also used as required. According to the results of the research, the scientific method of cataloguing in the Eastern world associated with the works in the Theravada tradition was clearly revealed. It is further evident that the Western system of knowledge was adopted many centuries later. The study would be useful for the scholars and post-graduate students. Conclusions, ideas and suggestions of this research project such as the uniqueness of past knowledge tradition, knowledge production, preservation of past knowledge can be used appropriately for educational planning and research activities. In addition, it will provide opportunities to conduct further research on these subject areas.Item A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE SOCIAL CAPITAL IN UPCOUNTRY TRADITIONAL SINHALESE VILLAGES IN SRI LANKA(The Library, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2024) Panampitiya, W. M. G. N.Social capital is a significant concept that can be used for analyzing social networks in an effective way. There were various social networks and mechanisms to perform important functions of social organization for the well-being of society in traditional Upcountry Sinhalese villages in Sri Lanka. Hence, the main objective of the study was to analyze the nature of social capital in upcountry traditional Sinhalese society with a specific focus on livelihood activities, kinship, marriage, religious beliefs and rituals, and cultural customs. This study was based on qualitative methodology, and the functional method was used for the study. According to the research objectives, secondary data were collected from books and journal articles in the relevant disciplines using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the descriptive-analytical method. Bonding social capital in upcountry traditional villages in Sri Lanka were mainly based on family, kinship and endogamy. Bridging social capital could be identified based on the caste system. Caste hierarchy of social relationships, connectivity in paddy cultivation (Kaiya, Attama), unity and belongingness among family and kinship relationships could be identified as main features of network configuration related to structural social capital. Buddhist ideological concepts such as karma, pin, and pav, collective objectives to achieve common tasks of social networks, common rituals, rites and customs were the main elements of the cognitive dimension of social capital. Reciprocity, trustworthiness, mutual respect, political obligations based on Rajakariya, sanctions of incest, and exogamy of social relationships related to the relational dimension could be identified. In conclusion, it was proved that social capital embedded in social networks in upcountry traditional villages performed numerous functions for maintaining connectivity and integration, and finally for the well-being of traditional social organization.