Humanities Undergraduate Research Symposium
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Item 2020 රාජ්‍ය සාහිත්‍ය සම්මානිත හොඳම පද්‍ය සංග්‍රහයේ කාව්‍යාලංකාර භාවිතය පිළිබඳ අධ්‍යයනයක් (එරික් ඉලයප්ආරච්චි - හම්බාවා පද්‍ය සංග්‍රහය)(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, 2021) ගුණරත්න, යූ. එම්. ඩී.මිනිස් සිතුවිලිවලට වඩාත් හෘදයාංගම වන කවියේ මුඛ්‍යාංග සිව් වැදෑරුම් වෙයි. ඒ කාව්‍ය ආකෘතිය, පරිකල්පනය, සංයත බව හා භාෂාවයි. කවියක ආකෘතිය පහළ වන්නේ වස්තු වින්‍යාසයේ අනිවාර්ය ඵලයක් ලෙසිනි. භාෂා විශාරදයෙකු, බහුශ්‍රැතයෙකු, සියුම් චින්තකයෙකු වන කුමන අයෙක් වුවද අනිවාර්යයෙන්ම මනාවූ පරිකල්පන ශක්තියකින් යුතු අයකු විය යුතුය. සෑම කවියකටම කිසියම් මුඛ්‍ය හැඟීමක් පාදක වන අතර කවියා සිය රචනයේදී සූචනය කිරීමට යත්න දරන්නේ එකී හැඟීම් සමුදායයි. කවියේ සංයත බව වන්නේ එයයි. කවියක සෞන්දර්යය, රමධෑය බව නඟාලීමට නිතැනින්ම දායක වන්නේ කාව්‍ය භාෂාවයි. කවියකට උචිත බසක් නොමැති වුවද භාෂාව හැසිරවීමට උචිත ක්‍රමයක් පවතී. සිත්තරුවෙක් පින්සලකින්ද කැමරාකරුවෙක් කාචයකින්ද මවන රූපය කවියා මවන්නේ භාෂාවෙනි. පෙරදිග මෙන්ම අපරදිග කවියෙන්ද ආභාසය ලැබූ ඉලයප්ආරච්චීන් සිය කාව්‍ය නිර්මාණවලට ව්‍යංග්‍යාර්ථවත් බස, අලංකාරෝක්තිවලින් පරිපුෂ්ට බස, කාව්‍යෝක්තීන්ගෙන් සැරසුණු බස සේම සංකේතාත්මක පද බාහුල්‍යය සහිත බස ආදි භාෂාවේ විවිධ ප්‍රභේද උපයෝගී කර ගත්තේය. කාව්‍යකරණයේදී භාෂාවට මූලිකත්වයක් දුන් එතුමා එය හඳුන්වන ලද්දේ “භාෂාව නම් සාහිත්‍ය යාතු කර්මයක්”ලෙසිනි. මෙහිදී “ කාව්‍යාලංකාර,” යන්නෙන් කාව්‍ය ශරීරය ශෝභාවත් වෙයි. එය ශබ්දාලංකාර හා අර්ථාලංකාර ලෙස දෙවැදෑරුම්ය. එබැවින් වෘත්තය, ලය, එළිසමය, අනුප්‍රාසය සහ යමකය යනාදී ශබ්දාලංකාරයන්ද උපමාලංකාර, රූපකාලංකාර, උත්ප්‍රේක්ෂාලංකාර, අතිශයෝක්ත්‍යාලංකාර ආදි අර්ථාලංකාරයන්ද “හම්බාවා” පද්‍ය සංග්‍රහයෙන් නිරූපණය වන ආකාරය පිළිබඳ විමසා බැලීම මෙහි පර්යේෂණ අරමුණයි. 2020 වර්ෂයේදී හොඳම කාව්‍ය සංග්‍රහයට හිමි සම්මානයට පාත්‍ර වීමට “හම්බාවා” පද්‍ය සංග්‍රහයේ “කාව්‍යාලංකාර භාවිතය” අභිභවා ගිය වෙනත් භාෂා ප්‍රභේදයන් හේතුභූත වී දැයි අධ්‍යයනය කිරීම මෙහි පර්යේෂණ ගැටලුවයි. ඒ සඳහා ප්‍රාථමික මූලාශ්‍රය ලෙෂ “හම්බාවා ” පද්‍ය සංග්‍රහය යොදා ගන්නා අතර ප්‍රාමාණික උගතුන්ගේ ශාස්ත්‍රීය ලිපි ලේඛනද ඇසුරු කර ගැනීමට අපේක්ෂා කෙරේ. කාව්‍යයක සාර්ථකත්වයට “කාව්‍යාලංකාර ” භාවිතයේ ඇති වැදගත්කම මෙමඟින් අධ්‍යයනය කළ හැකිය. අනූව දශකය, ඩොග්මේ සිනමාව, පෙරටුගාමී සිනමාව, සිනමා ශෛලීන්Item 90 දශකයේ බිහිවූ ඩොග්මේ සිනමාව පිළිබඳ විමසුමක්(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, 2021) සඳරුවන්, එල්. ජී. එස්. යූ.සාහිත්‍යය, සංගීතය, නර්තනය, චිත්‍ර යනාදි සියලුම කලා මාධ්‍යන්ට වඩා සිනමාව ප්‍රබල කලා මාධ්‍යයක් ලෙස කලා විචාරකයෝ හඳුන්වති. එය කර්මාන්තයක් වන අතරම සමාජයේ විවිධ ක්ෂේත්‍ර විදහාපාන කැඩපතකි. ලෝකයේ සිනමාව නම් කලා මාධ්‍යයට ඇත්තේ වසර 100ක තරම් කෙටි ඉතිහාසයකි. ලෝකයේ අනෙකුත් කලා මාධ්‍යයන්ට සාපේක්ෂව විමසීමේදී එය සතුව ඇත්තේ ඉතා කෙටි ඉතිහාසයක් බව පැහැදිලිය. එම සිනමා ව්‍යාපාරය තුළ මතු වූ ප්‍රබලතම සහ පුරෝගාමී මැදිහත් වීමක් සේ ඩොග්මේ සිනමාව හඳුන්වාදිය හැකිවන්නේ එම සිනමාව තුළ වූ මතවාදී හා ප්‍රායෝගිකත්වය හැඩය සුවිශේෂ වන බැවිනි. පෙරටුගාමී සිනමා ව්‍යාපාරයක් ලෙස සැලකෙන මෙම සිනමා ශෛලිය ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂාවේදී Dogm f,i;a" ලෙසත්, ඩෙන්මාර්ක් භාෂාවෙන් Dogme ලෙසත් සම අරුත් ගන්වයි. මෙම ඩොග්මේ සිනමාව එවකට සමස්ත සිනමාවම මුහුණ දෙන නිශ්චිත ප්‍රවණතාවන් හා අභියෝගයන් හඳුනාගනිමින් ඒ කෙරෙහි මුහුණ දිය යුතු ස්වභාවය හඳුනාගනිමින් හා එය විග්‍රහකරමින් ප්‍රායෝගිකව භාවිත වන්නට විය. මෙම 90 දශකයේ බිහිවූ ඩොග්මේ සිනමාවේ සංවර්ධනය, අරමුණු, නීති, නිර්මාණකරුවන් මෙන්ම එම සිනමා ශෛලියේ අවසානයද කලා කෘති කිහිපයක් ඇසුරෙන් මෙම පර්යේෂණ පත්‍රිකාව සකස් කිරීම මෙහි අරමුණයි. ඩොග්මේ සිනමාවේ ඉහත දැක්වූ කරුණු සාකච්ඡා කිරීමට The Celebration, The Idiots, Lovers, Julien Donkey Boy චිත්‍රපට උපයෝගී කරගැනීමට අපේක්ෂා කෙරේ. ප්‍රාථමික මූලාශ්‍රය ලෙෂ ඩොග්මේ 95 ප්‍රකාශනය සහ කන්‍යාභාවයේ දිවුරුම (Vow of Chastity) නම් සුප්‍රකට ලියවිලි යොදා ගන්නා අතර ද්විතීක මූලාශ්‍රය ලෙස විෂය ක්ෂේත්‍රයට අදාළ ග්‍රන්ථ, තෘතීය මූලාශ්‍රය වශයෙන් පුවත්පත් හා අන්තර්ජාලය භාවිත කෙරේ. මේ සඳහා යෝජිත පර්යේෂණ ක්‍රමවේදයන් වශයෙන් කැලණිය විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයේ සිනමා හා රූපවාහිනී විශේෂවේදී උපාධියේ පළමු වසර මෙන්ම දෙවන වසර සිසුන් 100 නියැදියක් ගෙන ඔවුන්ගෙන් ප්‍රශ්නමාලා ක්‍රමය, සම්මුඛ සාකච්ඡා ක්‍රමය මගින් තොරතුරු රැස් කිරීමට බලාපොරොත්තු වේ. කලාව යනු විශ්වීය භාෂාවක් වේ. ඩොග්මේ සිනමාව මගින් මිනිසාගේ හුදු රසාස්වාදයට වූ බලපෑම තුලනාත්මකව තක්සේරු කරලීම මෙහි ප්‍රධාන අරමුණයි.Item Abeywardhana Dilki Sandarekha Jasing; Perera H.D.; Achini Poornika; Gunawardhana H.G.; Sureshika Lakthilini; Dissanayaka R.A. Nethmi Madhara (2021), The Gothic Elements in the Sri Lankan Film “Garasarapa”, Undergraduate Research Symposium, Faculty of Humanities Undergraduate Research Symposium, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. 121p.(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, 2021) Abeywardhana, Dilki Sandarekha Jasing; Perera, H.D. Achini Poornika; Gunawardhana, H.G. Sureshika Lakthilini; Dissanayaka, R.A. Nethmi MadharaThis research study seeks to examine the gothic representations depicted via religion and superstition in the Sri Lankan contemporary film Garasarapa (2018). Garasarapa [The Lurking Serpent] directed by Jayantha Chandrasiri has been selected as the primary source for this research. This research study argues that the representation of gothic elements in this film explores the impact of the Sri Lankan culture in the expression of religion, such as Buddhism and Christianity since the 21st century. Moreover, the gothic ideologies and belief systems prevalent within Sri Lankan society are demonstrated through the demonology of Black Prince; Kalu Kumaraya. The review of previous research on gothic literature reveals the East Asian gothic elements, gothic symbology in film and television, beliefs concerning myth and monstrosity and the uncanny in Asian Diasporic film and literature. However, the study reveals the presence of a lacuna in the area of study concerning the impact of the Sri Lankan culture in representing religion and gothic ideologies in the film, Garasarapa. Textual analysis is the primary research method used in this study to chiefly examine the visual text. Since the research examines historical events, the study will also be conducted according to a historical approach while taking into consideration the subjectivity of the researchers involved in the study. This research study aspires to examine the manner in which the Sri Lankan culture has influenced the portrayal and expression of religion and gothic ideology within the Sri Lankan society. Moreover, this study argues that Garasarapa is a reflection of Sri Lankan social and cultural values, ideologies and traditions, contributing to the depiction of an Asian gothic element usage in the film.Item Acceptance and Use of Emergency Online Learning Post Covid-19 Pandemic: A Study Based on ESL teachers and Students in Sri Lanka(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, 2021) Dilhara, S. R.; Herath, H. M. D. N.; Kavindi, M. K. R.The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted tremendously on daily functions, and the education sector has undergone major changes. Notably, the shift to emergency online learning has led to a myriad of positive and negative perceptions from both teachers and students. Though e-learning has been prevalent since Education 4.0 emerged as an aftermath of the Industrial Revolution, it came into the spotlight during the Covid-19 pandemic. As a post study to the two preliminary studies the researchers have done on the attitudes of ESL teachers and students towards online learning, this study was developed with the objective of investigating if both the teachers and the students would prefer online learning in a post Covid-19 world. For the purpose of achieving the objective, the researchers conducted survey research with online questionnaires and interviews as a part of the mixed-method approach employed. The same sample of sixty teachers from primary, secondary, and tertiary levels and a hundred tertiary level students from major state universities were selected. As the data disclose, the majority of the teachers have mentioned that their computer literacy is low level and connection issues are a major barrier. If e-learning is to be continued post pandemic, teacher-training programs and projects related to enhancing the facilities of e-learning are essential. The student responses reveal that they are deprived of social interaction that might lead to increased stress, frustration, anxiety, avoidance of lessons, and notable behavioural changes. Therefore, both the teachers and the students prefer on-sight classrooms post pandemic. Observing the results of the previous research studies and upon the comparison of the results of the two preliminary studies, the researchers came to the conclusion that the ESL teachers and tertiary level students in Sri Lanka highly believe on-sight classes should be conducted in the post Covid-19 world.Item An Analysis of Folk Tales of Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Germany(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, 2021) Ven. Sweupru MarmaThe folk tales are stories passed down orally from one generation to the other. They have been created by preliterate communities consisting of village life, myths, traditional beliefs, and cultural practices. This paper focuses on a comparative study of some features of the folk tales of Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Germany. The cultures of these countries are rich with folk tales, blessed with ample oral and written literature. Sri Lankan folk tales are often based on real human characters and animals while the characters in German folk tales mostly consist of fairy tales. Andare the Royal Comedian, Gamarala- the village headman, Mahadenamutta and his disciples are some of the characters in Sri Lankan folktales. Some gods, goddesses and demons are also seen in some stories while German stories are full of magic, princes and princess as well as fairies and witches as in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Sleeping Beauty, Rapunzel, Hänsel and Gretel and the Frog Prince. Meanwhile, Bengali fairy tales mostly have demons and ogres, ascetics and witches, kings and queens, princes and princesses, sons of ministers and constables. Folk tales in Germany have been highly influenced by western culture and the same kind of themes can be seen in other European countries too. Animals with the ability to communicate with humans occur in folk tales of all three countries. Sri Lanka shares the themes with other South Asian countries. However, most of Bengali folk tales originate from the Panchatantra or the Jataka stories while some can be traced back to Arabian and Persian tales. However, there is a similarity between the folk tales across the cultures, though cultural differences affect the narrative. For instance, in many Bengali folk tales, the wicked stepmother in German folk tales is replaced by the jealous wife.Item An analysis of the Violation of Fundamental Right of Tamils in the Northern Province to Enjoy Film and Television Art during the Post-War Period (2020 - 2021)(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, 2021) Weddagala, N. S. I.After 30 years of ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka, most industries have resurged with tremendous changes. In the meantime, most Sri Lankan people have returned to their everyday social and cultural lives, while enjoying cinema and television shows. This is a result of the entertainment facilities made available to society in addition to the endeavors of TV stations and Film Producers to generate a wide range of new artistic productions targeting these viewers. Yet, it can be argued that both the public and private sectors (including film and television Producers) have neglected the entertainment interests of the Tamil-only speaking minority groups that reside in the Northern Province. As a community, they have not been provided with the necessary facilities to watch TV shows or films as they wish by the above-mentioned parties. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that Sri Lankan productions have often disregarded the viewing interests of these communities when producing TV shows or films. As human beings, these individuals possess the fundamental right to enjoy their preference of films and TV shows. The discounting of the viewing rights of these Tamil speaking communities have resulted in their feelings of marginalization within the larger Sri Lankan society. Thus, this study seeks to examine the nature of the violation of the fundamental rights of the Northern province’s Tamil population, to seek enjoyment from film and television art during the post-war period. The methodology of this research was developed primarily upon the use of questionnaires and conducting of interviews. In addition, data obtained from Sri Lankan TV and broadcast stations as well as films that were screened during the period of 2020 – 2021 were studied. The findings of this study explore the extent to which the viewing rights of the Tamil-speaking minorities residing in the North, have been violated during the post-war period.Item Analyzing the Language Used for Classroom Interaction by an Intermediate Level English as a Second Language Teacher: A Sociolinguistic Study(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, 2021) Collom, O. C. Nicholle; Dissanayaka, H.A.S. HansamaliThis Sociolinguistic Study titled, “Analyzing the Language Used for Classroom Interaction by an Intermediate Level English as a Second Language Teacher” revolves around the premise that both the teacher and the students utilize language within the ESL classroom, not only with the motive of merely teaching students the subject matter, but also to create interaction within a classroom. The scope of the research is formulated around the sociolinguistic perspectives of language learning, which goes on to define that language and interaction between both teachers and students are inextricable. Although the ESL classroom can be identified as a uniquely specified environment which has certain discourse practices, this report is compiled to study about the language used within the classroom for interaction by an ESL teacher in a sociolinguistic perspective. Within this research, the data analyzed in a qualitative perspective, was gathered through the observation of two sessions conducted by an ESL teacher. The findings are analyzed and discussed based on four research questions. Thereby, the findings of this research manifests that the language-based interaction within the grade 11 ESL classroom occurs through sociolinguistic aspects, such as the dominance of teacher-talk, Austin’s (1975) performative utterance theory and its relation with power, solidarity and cooperation as well as code mixing and code switching along with interruption and overlapping. Thus, this research implies that the ESL classroom which is a unique speech community, displays distinctions in conversation patterns, especially within the language used by the teacher. The research further suggests that, rather than teacher-talk being dominant within the classroom interaction, the teacher should be flexible to change roles, thus, paving way for a more autonomous, student-centered environment, enabling a wider scope for sociolinguistic studies.Item Challenges Faced by the Legal Translators(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, 2021) Wijesinghe, W. H. M. S. M.The arena of Legal Translation faces some unique problems in the use of language. Unlike literary translations, legal texts are to be translated without any aesthetic effects. The vocabulary, grammar and the style of the legal documents being different than the other documents is the main reason behind the issue. Comprehensibility of the language in legal documents is an issue to be taken into account. On one hand it is argued that the language used by lawyers is incomprehensible to non-lawyers, because of the reason that the lawyers need to be precise. And on the other hand it is argued that legal language should be comprehensible to non-lawyers. Though richness is added to the legal language used, this issue is aggravated by the use of Latin terms which acts as a rhetorical tool in the legal writing arena. Hence legal translators must be well adept in Latin terms. The objective of this study is to explore the challenges faced by the legal translators, reasons for such challenges, and to identify the impact of such challenges on the quality of the translation. The study was conducted via a mixed method approach, which consisted questionnaires distributed among the legal practitioners combined with an online survey done through the social-media platforms. The analyzed data leads to the conclusion that the language used in legal documents causes comprehensibility issues for legal translators in the process of translation. Also the vocabulary and sentence structures being different than literary translations, legal translators face challenges in relation to the translation with the precise word, despite the subtle differences in meanings. Use of Latin terms and unfamiliar legal terms make the translation process difficult to legal translators. Hence the study recommends the use of simple legal language instead of the archaic legal language, and familiarizing the legal translators with the legal language.Item Challenges Posed by Connotative and Denotative Meaningin Literary Translation(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, 2021) Pallewatta, P. G. D. S.Connotation can be defined as, the idea or feeling that a word invokes for a person in addition to its literal or primary meaning while denotation is the literal or primary meaning, of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests. Writers’ use these interchangeably in writing novels to add beauty to the context. Most of the time, these two parts play a major role in imparting the very essence of a novel. Yet when translating a novel there is always the threat that if the translator fails to infer the meaning, the very essence of the novel will be lost. The objective of this research is to investigate the challenges posed by connotative and denotative meaning in literary translation? The main problem that led to the research is “what are the challenges posed by connotative and denotative meaning in literary translation and how to overcome them?” In the process twenty sentences comprising both connotative and denotative meanings were taken. The Source Language was English, and the Target Language was Sinhala. The sentences were given to Translation Studies Final year undergraduates to be translated. Students were encouraged to use dictionaries when necessary and were also asked to translate without omitting. A comprehensive discussion was held with the participants after analyzing the gathered data. It was then observed that a unique problem faced by all participants was in inferring the meaning of the connotative words and phrases and aligning them with the context. In conclusion, it can be said that by discussing with fellow translators, thorough knowledge of both the Source Language and the Target Language, analytical reading of the text, and comprehensive research before translating can help in overcoming the challenges posed by connotative and denotative words.Item Common Challenges of Translation(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, 2021) Thenuwara, Thedini Thidakshi KavyaTranslation is one of the language skills, which is essential to be learned by translators and the students who are in the relevant field to be professional translators in the future. In the process of translating, the translator has to overcome various challenges. The main objective of this study is to encourage the translators to produce a successful translation. This study was conducted using the methodology of some Linguistic analysis and books regarding translation studies. The used study sources are some texts that were given by the lecturers to translate, and “A handbook of Translation Studies” book by Bijay Kumar Das. The analyzed documents assisted to find that, various translation issues are faced by both translators and clients. The structure of most languages is different from each other. In some languages, there is a difference between both the written and spoken varieties. Accordingly, translators frequently add, remove and rearrange necessary parts in a target text for effective communication. Therefore, problems of translation differ according to the domain and a given text. Furthermore, this study reveals that lexical and semantic problems, grammatical problems, rhetorical problems, pragmatic problems, and cultural issues are common challenges of translation. Additionally, it is important to discuss the solutions for those particular problems. In brief, the problems can be solved by reading the text carefully and understanding the sense of particular words, referring to dictionaries, glossaries and consulting experts in those fields. These common challenges lead the translators to re-correct their translations. Finally, this study will contribute for translators to produce perfect translations.Item Comparative Analysis between Google Neural Machine Translation and Human Translation of Martin Wickramasinghe’s Madol Doova (Chapter IV)(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, 2021) Vimarshana, K. A. DesikaTechnology is replacing many duties that have been devoted to humans for decades. Translation too was not an easy task to complete. Because of that, experts in the field were interested in developing software for Translation. During the past years, these software were getting more and more effective and advanced. This research was conducted to find out the accuracy of machine translation in literary translation of Sinhala Language. The latest technology that is used in Machine Translation is Neural Machine Translation, which uses a large artificial neural network capable of deep learning and increases fluency and accuracy when translating documents. This research was conducted to find out how much neural machine translation is close to human brain translation. This research was limited to Sinhala and English translation of a literary document. For this research, the source text was Madol Doova, one of the greatest children’s novels in Sinhala literature, written by Martin Wickramasinghe in 1947. Its English translation by Professor Ashley Halpe was used as the human translation, and it was compared with the translated output of the Google Neural Machine Translation (GNMT), which is the software used in Google Translate, taking word choice, grammar, word division, word count and most importantly, sense into consideration. As a result, it was found that there are some translation errors in GNMT on word choice and delivering the sense of the original. However, GNMT has demonstrated better performances by relying so close to the source text word order. Although it is obvious that human translation still makes more sense in Sinhala literary translation, the accuracy demonstrated by GNMT confirms that it is not departing but rather approaching the quality of humantranslation.Item A Comparative Study Between Bamboo Handicraft in Sri Lanka and China(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, 2021) Samaraweera, L. Y. MadhushaniBamboo art has a significant place in Sri Lankan and Chinese cultures. It has deep cultural and economic roots in China, the country with the largest bamboo resources in the world. Over the last three decades bamboo has evolved from a supply of raw material into the material base of an increasingly diversified array of products and, more recently, into a potentially important source of cultural and environmental services. Although Chinese bamboo handicraft are famous all over the world, bamboo handicrafts in Sri Lanka are often restricted to Sri Lanka. But there are similarities and differences from bamboo craft weaving technology to production, to finish current research focuses on the comparative study between Chinese bamboo crafts. Relevant information was collected from research, books and government information centers and resources conducted by Chinese and Sri Lankan researchers. It explores its various uses, from bamboo and food to furniture. With the development of the society and the progress in cultural life, there were an increasing variety of bamboo products including seats, such as bamboo chairs, bamboo stools and bamboo sofas; and sleeping furniture such as bamboo deck chairs, bamboo beds, bamboo mats and bamboo pillows. Clothing was also made of bamboo, including bamboo hats and bamboo shoes. They also made decorations, including bamboo screens, bamboo curtains, bamboo vases and bamboo lanterns. As for containers, there are bamboo cupboards and bamboo cases; tableware, such as bamboo bowls and bamboo chopsticks; and writing materials, like bamboo brushes and bamboo pen containers, Farmers use bamboo tools like bamboo baskets, bamboo brooms and dustpans, and bamboo poles, as well as fishing tools means of transport and many other daily necessities. By virtue of investigations in this paper modern designers, provide a reference for scholars, research on bamboo craft products and enhance possibility of craft product design and innovative design. Bamboo handicrafts in Sri Lanka and subject to some changes compared to Chinese bamboo handicrafts. This research examines the differences between bamboo crafts in both countriesItem Comparative Study of Emoji Usage in between Japanese and Sri Lankan University Students(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, 2021) Bandara, A. H. M. Naveesha KalpaniAt present, Internet has become widespread, and people interact with each other through the Internet in a globalised society. Especially young people use SNS widely. When communicating via SNS, "Emoji", which is a nonverbal communication element, is used. Sri Lankan university students use a lot of emojis in SNS communication. Sri Lankan Japanese language learners often meet Japanese university students and communicate via SNS. Different cultural backgrounds may have different meanings of emojis in each society. If the meaning of the emoji is different, the way of understanding differs from the sender to the receiver, which may cause communication problems. For this study, an online questionnaire survey was conducted among 50 Japanese university students and 50 Sri Lankan university students to find out similarities and differences of emoji usage and investigate the manner in which the use of emojis affects the communication of university students in both countries. This survey found two similarities in the use of emojis between Sri Lankans and Japanese university students. In both Japan and Sri Lanka, females use more emojis than men, and they use emojis more frequently, and both university students use emojis mostly to communicate with their "best friends," "ordinary friends," and "family and relatives". On the contrary, the university students in Sri Lanka use emojis with the highest priority on friendship with the other person, regardless of their hierarchical relationship, while the Japanese students do not consider the friendliness with the other party when using emojis. In addition, extracting the top three most frequent pictograms used by university students in both the countries and analysing their meanings, found that even the same emojis have different meanings according to university students in two countries. From the above results, it is considered that the use of emojis in SNS communication may cause a communication gap between university students in Japan and Sri LankaItem Comparative Study of Modern Asian and European Cinemas about Female Homosexuality(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, 2021) Wimaladasa, Ashini RandiniSexual orientation is a concept that takes on a completely different face from sexual identity. When somebody is sexually attracted to their own gender it is called homosexuality. The name itself has caused a great deal of controversy in society. Mostly, homosexuals hide from society and face various mental and physical problems like depression. The cinema industry nowadays manages to entertain as well as inform, exploring the lesser-known aspects including female homosexuality. The purpose of my study is to examine separately the features of modern Asian and European cinema and how it portrays female homosexuality. This field of study was chosen to provide a clear understanding of how a deeply controversial subject, such as this is embedded in two different cultures. For this purpose, as primary source of the research I would like to make a comparative study by watching two films, one Bollywood and one French (Margarita with a straw – Bollywood, Blue is the warmest color – French). The Bollywood film was created by studying Indian culture which considered the female homosexuality a taboo subject to talk in public. Even though the film is somewhat modern it still shows some of the traditional characteristics. European culture too has its own interpretation of this topic, which the movie I selected brings forward. The research examines the cultures, inherent cinematic norms, traditions, and cinematic traits that the two films portray separately as the secondary source and explores how equality and inequality are built and portrayed in its elements regarding female homosexuality.Item A Comparative Study on Modern Foreign Language Classroom and Pāli Classroom in Sri Lankan Monasteries(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, 2021) Ven. Kotiyagala Dhammarathana TheroThe modern foreign language classroom is developed under the guidelines of the Council of Europe and the Common European Framework of reference for language learning, teaching, and assessment (CEFR) introduces the principles and standards of the modern foreign language classroom. The cultural institute of the Federal Republic of Germany (Goethe Institute) has also developed teaching and learning German as a foreign language with effective techniques. Pāli language is a classical foreign language that transfers Buddhist teachings from generation to generation. The teaching and learning of Pāli language in Sri Lanka has a long history of more than 2300 years and the language is teaching as a subject in more than 800 Buddhist monasteries (Pirivena) in Sri Lanka. However, only a few researchers have attempted to study the Sri Lankan Pāli classroom. There is no evidence of a comparative study between modern foreign language classroom and Pāli classroom in Sri Lanka. This is a qualitative study that aims to explore the nature of Sri Lankan Pāli classroom and modern foreign language classroom. The qualities of Pāli classroom are revealed through observations of seven classrooms and interviews with seven various teachers. The features of modern foreign language classroom are discovered through literary studies. The process of Pāli classroom is based on teacher. In contrast to that, the process of foreign language classroom based on learners. Variant types of learning groups and exercises of the modern foreign language classroom are also applicable to the Pāli classroom in Sri Lanka.Item A Comparative Study on Table Manners of Han Nationality and Sinhalese(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, 2021) Karunathilaka, W. M.China and Sri Lanka both are Asian countries that are rich in their cultural aspects. Both the countries have their own traditional table manners that come from their ancestors which demonstrate their own culture. As the two countries have had a very close relationship since ancient times, it is better for both countries to have an understanding about the table manners of the other country in order to reduce cultural conflicts. At the present, the relationships have become stronger in every field such as diplomatic relationships, cultural relationships, social relationships, etc. So, understanding these table manners aid in order to maintain this bond. This research will comparatively analyze the similarities and dissimilarities of the table manners of Han nationality in China and Sinhalese in Sri Lanka in the fields like seating arrangements, table wear placement, meal order, and taboos. The different reasons for having these different table manners will also be discovered. In order to collect data for this, I will use a literature analysis and a questionnaire. With this rapidly changing world, many of the traditional beliefs have vanished recently. Through this research, I also hope to find out whether the traditional table manners still exist in these two countries or whether they have been changed. Especially, Sinhalese have been westernized a lot and have been distracted from their tradition. I will give the questionnaire for randomly selected 50 people who are Sinhalese and Han people. This research will be very effective to understand the difference of the table manners in order to maintain the friendship between China and Sri Lanka and to promote the cross-cultural relationship.Item A Comparative Study on the Effectiveness of Online Teaching than Physical Teaching Methods(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, 2021) Arachchi, B.A. Sithumi Abhilashini BamunuThis study examined the effectivity of online education, which is largely being practiced since recently, as a part of the new normal of the Covid 19 pandemic. It became a controversial topic due to certain technical difficulties faced by some pupils and teachers during the teaching and learning process. The purpose of this study was to identify the difficulties and successful aspects of online education. This study explored the teacher and student perception of online education focusing on its benefits and limitations in order to investigate the effectivity of online education. The sample of the study consisted of 120 students and teachers from both government and private sectors including university students. Interviews were conducted to gather data and the responses were analyzed using a qualitative approach. They were given two separate questionnaires regarding online education to answer based on their experiences. Thereafter, the findings were demonstrated through a diagram. Accordingly, the lack of technical knowledge, signal and connection issues have caused to minimize the effectivity of online education. Moreover, active participation of students’ was very poor and students had attempted to evade lessons easily. On the contrary, many benefits could be identified such as lesser cost, time efficiency, easy to attend, less intensity and comfort at one’s own place. Nevertheless, comments regarding online learning depend on individual preference and experiences. Thus, the results of the study showed that physical and online education are two different procedures and they have their own various pros and cons depending on individual factors. Compared to the physical education, online education is a productive and easier method for both teaching and learning functions. Technical issues were observed as the major problem, which was identified by the research. It appears that productive results can be obtained through online education by resolving those issues.Item A Comparative Study on Topic Selection in the First Meeting Focusing on the University Students in Sri Lanka and Japan(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, 2021) Kithmini, R. A. M.The first meeting conversation is the starting point for forming new relationships. The impressions built in the first meeting greatly influence and advance interpersonal relationships. There are both similarities and differences between Japanese and Sri Lankans on the topic selection in their first meetings. According to further research that this depends on the personal territory which can be different from one culture to another. However, most of the studies on this matter mainly focus on countries like Japan, Korea and China. Therefore, researching on above topic which will be useful for Sri Lankan Japanese learners to understand the intercultural background in the first meeting of both countries. For this research, 20 Sri Lankan Non-Japanese learning Sinhalese university students and 20 Japanese university students were surveyed, and the collected data were analyzed in order to understand the difference between Sri Lankans and Japanese on the topic selection in their first meetings. Based on the research findings, there were both similarities and differences in the stages of personal territories in both countries, depending on cultural and social backgrounds. It was interesting to find that Sri Lankans had fewer topics to discuss in their first meeting compared to Japanese people. However, Sri Lankan males tend to speak more comfortably than Japanese males even in their first meetings. It was difficult to find any significant differences between females in both countries. In a nutshell, this study attempts to make an advancement in intercultural communication which helps to build natural conversations with native Japanese speakers.Item A Comparison of Nature Poetry of Du Fu and Wang Wei(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, 2021) Menikrama, M. R. A. T.Literature has made a great contribution to the development of a language. Chinese literature has a history of thousands of years and is a major literary heritage of the world. When examining the Chinese literature, the literature in Tang dynasty is the most powerful and prosperous dynasty and it is often considered as the golden age of Chinese literature. During this period nature was considered as an important factor of the social life and the unbreakable bond between man and nature lead to form thousands of literary work and it has become the major theme especially for poetry. The two poets Du Fu and Wang Wei are two of the greatest poets who represented Tang dynasty and this study is a comparison of nature poetry of Du Fu and Wang Wei. The main purposes of this study are to introduce the status of nature poetry in Tang dynasty, introduce the two poets of Du Fu and Wang Wei and to analyze the similarities and differences of nature poetry of Du Fu and Wang Wei based on twenty poems written under the theme of nature. The theme of nature is subdivided as landscape poetry, poetry about four seasons and poetry about the moon. The study is based on secondary data such as books, thesis, articles, journals and web sites. The research further analyzes the characteristics of nature poetry in Tang dynasty, the significant features of nature poetry of the two poets Du Fu and Wang Wei and finally analyzes the similarities and differences of nature poetry of Du Fu and Wang Wei.Item Copyright Law and Translation Rights in Sri Lanka(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, 2021) Wanninayake, H. M. L. V.Sri Lanka as a developing country, the lack of awareness about copyright law and the vulnerability of translation rights is a major issue when it comes to observational and analytical borders of the Translation Studies subject field. The absence of amelioration of the International Copyright Law and faults in furtherance of prerequisites and engrossment of emerging nations can be the cause of the issue. The research is based on secondary sources which were collected through reviews of textbooks, journal articles, magazine articles, e-books, and e-journals. The objectives of the study are to identify the remedies, policies, and measures to get rid of these kinds of circumstances. The findings of this study showed there should be an efficacious procedure to develop an acceptable affiliation between copyright law and translation rights especially in emerging countries like Sri Lanka in order to develop in scientific and technical fields of Translation Studies. It is concluded that the International Copyright Law amendments should be provided without any prejudice to the rights of Sri Lankan citizens. As a developing country, Sri Lanka must have its own domestic copyright laws that can triumphantly apply to its own citizens.