ICBI 2020

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/22886

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Effect of Road Traffic Congestion on Stress at Work: Evidence from the Employees Working in Metropolitan Areas of Colombo, Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Weerasinghe, T. D.; Karunarathna, D. I. M.; Subashini, B. L. C.
Though the conventional concept of ‘work stress’, its causes and consequences have been adequately discussed in the extant literature, a very little attention has been given to study the ‘stress at work’; especially, the employees’ stress at work which arise due to the experience in traffic congestion. Hence, bridging that lacuna in the literature, and re-constructing the two variables, the current study was initiated to assess the effect of experience in traffic congestion on employees’ stress at work. Predominantly adopting the hypothetico-deductive approach, this study was conducted among a sample of 420 individual employees prone to traffic congestion in metropolitan areas in Colombo. Purposive convenience sampling was used to select the sample whereas the Hair method was used to determine the sample size. Primary data were collected by adopting standard measurement scales via an online questionnaire survey. Data analysis was done with the aid of SPSS and Excel by employing Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and the multivariate techniques of hypotheses testing. Building on the findings of this study, it is concluded to be considered that the experience in traffic congestion as a significant predictor of employees’ stress at work. Therefore, it is recommended for individual employees who are risked at the frequent road traffic congestion to mindfully develop the awareness of, and the readiness for traffic congestion and appropriate coping skills. Further, it is recommended for employers to provide an adequate amount of opportunities for such employees to relax at work.
Strategic Resource Management and Performance Enhancement of the 3PL Industry of Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Herath, E. H. M. W. W.; Herath, H. M. R. P
The purpose of this study is to identify the strategic resource management for performance enhancement in the 3PL industry in Sri Lanka. The study reviewed the relevant and recent literature on strategic resource management and 3PL performance to investigate the research problem of the existing low-performance status of the 3PL industry. Supply chains of the world trade network in the twenty-first century highly depend on logistics performance and efficiency, since the variety of services outsourced to 3PL service providers have been increasing constantly. Thus, 3PLs need to assess their internal and external resources including potential external advantages and identify performance factors which bring detrimental effects to the logistics performance. This paper, therefore, systematically reviews extant literature to identify strategic resources and performance factors that are associated with 3PL industry performance. Thereby, fourteen performance factors have been identified with their influence on the industry performance including logistics costs, infrastructure facilities, capital investment, customs clearance, technology application, information technology, logistics competency, policy-making and governing systems, logistics research and innovation, timeliness, international shipment handling, service quality and standards, logistics capability and customer satisfaction. The main contribution of this research is that it enhances understanding of 3PL performance, strategic resources, performance factors, and applicability of four strategic management theories to the identified problem including Resource Based View, Resource Dependency Theory, Transaction Cost Theory, and Network Theory. 3PL performance can be enhanced through bundling strategic resources, acquiring external resources, forming networks and minimizing transaction cost for customers. This paper contributes to the sparse literature that has explained the positive relationship between strategic resource management and performance enhancement of the 3PL industry.
Exploration of Digital Entrepreneurship factors influence on Digital Transformation in Banking Industry in Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Fairooz, H. M. M.; Razi, M. J. M.; Wickramasinghe, C. N.
Digital transformation is happening in every industry. However, this is not producing the required outcome as expected with compared to the developed and fast-growing countries. Technology adaptations alone were unable to bring revolutionary change to the banking industry. According to literature, the digital transformation of the banking industry is significantly influenced by business leadership, digital business strategy and technology adaptation of the organization. However, the impact of these factors in the Sri Lankan banking industry has not been explored till the present research. The researcher intends to fill the existing knowledge gap by exploring the role of the leadership, digital business strategy and how technology adaptation can influence the digital transformation in the banking industry in Sri Lanka. In this article, more attention paid to theorizing digital transformation using the concept of digital entrepreneurship. The dynamics of digital entrepreneurship will use following theories to analyse the data: innovation theory, SCOT theory, knowledge gap theory and then position Lexus and Olive tree philosophy at the centre to bring the globalization concept into the digital transformation aspect. The inductive approach case study methodology is used with three case studies: (i) highly transformed bank (ii) moderately transformed bank (iii) low level transformed bank. The researcher uses the theory-guided case studies to provide more structured guidelines and explanations of the actors, which validate the digital transformation conceptual guideline and generalizability. Data collection is based on proposition, insight, questions, and pictures with a logical guideline framework. Evidence is gathered within the themes by interview. This paper provides an overview of distinctive dimension of technology adaptation in to organization level and gaps compared to the global banking; management cognitive reaction in innovative technology adaptation; recommendation on how digital transformation can enable connected industries such as retail, ecommerce, hospitality, transportation, government services and entire economy; social media utilization in banking and financial business model, disruptive thinking; and the level of interaction and transformation that was engendered between banking institution and end customers.The key contribution of this research is the digital entrepreneurship process which most organizations consider for digital transformation to produce the intended outcome.
Employees of different generations and their motivations: Do they differ?
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Wijethunga, S. N.; Razik, R.
Managing employees across different generations is not only a hot research topic, but also a challenge faced by contemporary business organizations in any industry. Generally, it is believed that managing employees across generations is a daunting and a challenging management task due to the differences in their preferences, behaviors and attitudes. The purpose of this research is to examine whether motivational drivers differ across three generations of employees working in the Sri Lankan banking sector. This explanatory study has a cross sectional research design and follows the quantitative methodology and the deductive research approach. The results do not exhaustively support the generational stereotypes concerning motivation that is ubiquitous among management practitioners. A difference among motivational drivers across three generational cohorts was observed only for one category of motivational drivers, which were content based drivers, but not for the process based motivational drivers. This research emphasizes the importance of managing individuals by focusing on individual differences rather than relying on generational stereotypes.
Impact of Audit Committee characteristics on Financial Performance of companies listed under materials sector in CSE
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Kasthury, S.; Anandasayanan, S.
Audit committee functions as an indispensable mechanism by effectively communicating between internal and external auditors. This study aims to evaluate how the audit committee affects the entities’ financial performance using a sample of companies from the material industry, out of 20 GICS industries listed in CSE. Only 14 companies were chosen out of the 23 companies in the material sector using the random sampling method. This study was based on secondary data where the data was obtained for these 14 companies from annual reports for the period from 2012 to 2019. The statistical techniques of Descriptive Statistics and Regression Analysis were utilized for analyzing the data. Earnings Per Share as a dependent variable and the audit committee size, audit committee independence, audit committee financial expertise, audit committee meetings were considered as independent variables, furthermore firm size as control variables were utilized for undertaking the study. The findings revealed that the audit committee meetings had a significantly positive impact on earnings per share, whereas all the audit committee attributes excluding audit committee independence showed a positive influence over earnings per share.
A Review on Holistic Leadership and Knowledge Creation in Corporate Entrepreneurial Research
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Niranga, W. A. M.
Research on corporate entrepreneurship supports the notion that different leadership styles and behaviours of the corporate management may be the predictors for the emergence of more favorable entrepreneurial practices in the contemporary organizations. Furthermore, corporate entrepreneurship is challenging in contemporary organizations due to high technical HR systems, organizational hierarchies, culture, traditional leadership approach and lack of entrepreneurial knowledge. Therefore, it is the responsibility of corporate leaders to provide a holistic approach to their employees to develop more novel ideas which lead to effective organizational performance in the future. However, entrepreneurial practices was not the foremost focus of many managers as they directly focused on short term achievements of the company rather than the developmental opportunities which will give a return in the future (Jong & Hartog, 2007). Even though extant studies stress that holistic leadership of management and orientation plays a vital role, relatively few studies (Kodama M., 2017; Kodama M., 2018) have tested how and why holistic leadership such an overall understanding emerge for corporate entrepreneurship. Therefore, the main drive of this study is to create an enhanced understanding of how corporate entrepreneurial studies has grown pertaining to the holistic leadership and its outcomes over the past decades.
Factors Affecting the Job Dissatisfaction of Junior Female Academics at University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka: With Special Reference to the Faculty of Management Studies and Commerce and The Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Sellahewa, W. N.
‘Education’ is an extremely important component in the life of all human beings. At present, the major role of distributing education is been played by educational institutions. Universities can be regarded as the apex of the educational ladder. This study has been conducted with reference to the junior female academics. Here the term ‘junior female academics’ refers to the female academics under the probationary category. The purpose of narrowing down the theme in the above manner is due to the research gap that has been identified by the researcher after going through the literature review. The main purpose of conducting this study is to identify the factors affecting the job dissatisfaction of junior female academics at universities and provide recommendations to increase their job satisfaction. The population of this study is limited to all the junior female academics of the University of Sri Jayewardenepura. The size of the sample is 20 and the sample has been selected purposively. Primary data was collected by the use of in-depth interviews. Gathered data has been analyzed qualitatively. The study has revealed that no junior female academic is fully satisfied with their job or fully dissatisfied with their job. According to this study, the factors affecting the job dissatisfaction were related to working environment, work relations, advancement, empowerment, recognition, and work load. As per the second objective of the study, to overcome those dissatisfactory factors, this study has suggested the recommendations such as fair treatments, rewarding hard work, good induction process, promote autonomy, assigning meaningful jobs and providing the required facilities.
Readiness to Adopt M-Learning Solutions as the Training Platform Among Corporate Companies in Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Velananda, Y. L.; Wanninayake, W. M. C. B
Employees in corporate companies are frequent travelers and have insufficient time to participate in regular physical training. Thus, looking for a revolutionary technology era where they can learn at anytime, anywhere. The mobile technologies and mobile devices are attached to employees’ daily lifestyles. Hence, the best solution is the use of mobile learning as the training platform to enhance employee skills and knowledge. This paper examines the readiness to adopt M-Learning solutions as the training platform for corporate companies in Sri Lanka concerning the factors Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Personal Innovativeness, Performance Expectancy, Social influence, Self-Management of Learning. The factors were based on Technology Acceptance Model, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and several other factors from the literature. The report discusses the problem statement, objectives and literature review. Specific attention was made to Sri Lankan context in explaining the current practices. Then factors were analysed based on data collected from 132 participants from 30 corporate companies using a survey questionnaire. Data were analysed using Cronbach's Analysis, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient and ANOVA. Based on the results, critical success factors were identified and the framework was developed. Finally, the recommendations were given, and the future research was discussed. The Perceived Ease of Use, Performance Expectancy and Self-Management of Learning were found as the critical factors which influence improving usage of mobile learning. The educational institutions and software development companies should focus on these factors before adopting the learning method and developing educational frameworks. Researchers can focus on M-learning targeting other professions and industries.
Assessment of the State of Quality in garments applying Data mining mechanisms: A Case Study in the Apparel Industry
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Basnayake, B. R. P. M.; Hewaarachchi, A. P.; Chandrasekara, N. V
Forecasting the quality of sewed garments is an important area in the apparel industry. This paper consists of a case study relevant to a high-ranking apparel manufacturing plant in Sri Lanka. Quality is measured using the First Time Through (FTT) state which is a measure of production competence and capacity. The factory capacity is to afford the FTT 98% or above as a high state category. The low state is consisted of FTT of less than 98%. Recently Data mining methods are used to extract insights from data and to make fast decisions. The main objective of the study is to identify the better model to predict the FTT state with data mining mechanisms. Classification tree and Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) models were used to forecast the FTT state with the under-sampling method due to the matter of class imbalance in the original dataset. True positive (TP), False-positive (FP), precision, recall, accuracy and F-measure were used as the performance measurements. FP rate was zero and precision was one in the classification tree. While the FP rate was 0.0649 and precision was 0.9348 in the PNN model. Both models had a high F-measure value of 0.9745 and 0.9287 respectively. Therefore, two models can be used in prediction with better performance measurements. Outcomes of the study will help to find out the optimum allocation of a style to a relevant team to achieve the highest FTT state, to recognize the training requirements of the employees and to improve the satisfaction of the customer.
Awareness of Sustainability and its Impact on Gaining Sustainable Competitive Advantage
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Perera, K. D. I. M.; Fazana, S. F
Awareness of sustainability and compliance with the sustainability requirements in volatile business environments are important with the increasing concern of customers and legislations. Being one of the most competitive yet the most pollutant contributing industry gaining sustainable competitive advantage with reasonable awareness of sustainability remains questionable. This study aims to identify the impact of awareness of economic, environmental, and social sustainability on gaining sustainable competitive advantage in the food industry.
What Prevent Them Shifting? Perceived Barriers of Employee Transition to Entrepreneurship: A Concept Paper
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Wijethunge, W. M. N. M.; Tennakoon, W. D. N. S. M.; Dilshani, A. K. D. N.; Amarathunga, P. A. B. H.; Lasanthika, W. A. J. M.; Praveeni, S. M. N.
Individual motivation to become an entrepreneur is found to be preceded by two sources namely; the parental entrepreneurial background and organizational employment. There is ample literature to support the parental influence on entrepreneurial initiatives (Dunn & Holtz-Eakin, 2000; Rachmawan, Lizar, & Mangundjaya, 2015; Antawati, 2017) and particularly for the paternal influence towards self-employment (Carroll & Mosakowski, 1987; Uusitalo, 2001; Tennakoon & Lasanthika, 2019; Wijerathna, & Thisera, 2018). In the first case, entrepreneurs are considered “family products”. The role model of entrepreneurial parents guides children to become entrepreneurs (Bandura, 1986; Krumboltz, Michael, & Jones, 1976). The parental role modeling positively influences the children’s intentions to choose entrepreneurship over other career options (Scherer, Adams, Carley, & Wiebe, 1989). Alternatively, entrepreneurs do originate from existing organizations. The majority of entrepreneurs are former employees of recognized organizations or else the “organization products” (Freeman, 1986). Recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities is often facilitated by the organizations as the employees are exposed to the market. Employment offers the mean of gaining technical know-how and developing the business network (Stuart & Sorenson, 2003). The goodwill and brand image of the former organization aid them to easily establish their own brands those found to be enjoying greater survival and growth (Burton, Sorenson, & Beckman, 2002; Christensen & Bower, 1996).
An Exploration of Contemporary Issues of Supply Chain Management: A Case on Pharmaceuticals Manufacturing Industry in Sri Lanka
(2020) Gunawardana, D. M. B. P. P.; Herath, H. M. R. P.
Supply Chain Management (SCM) has a crucial role in facilitating production, marketing, logistics and purchasing processes of an organization since it may focus on the management’s attempts to maintain or build competitiveness in changing environment of those. This study was carried out as qualitative cross-sectional multiple case studies using semi-structured interviews to collect data. Case studies were chosen on the judgmental non-probability sampling method to explore contemporary issues and the reasons of SCM in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry of Sri Lanka. It further tried to recommend the solutions to mitigate those issues to increase the effectiveness of the pharmaceutical supply chains. Interviews were conducted with the employees who are responsible for SCM from each case study. A thematic analysis was carried out to achieve the purpose of the study using Nvivo 12. Unpredictable lead time, no proper guideline or standards in custom for pharmaceutical product regulations, lack of temperature control in warehouses at custom, underutilization of human resources consuming, delaying duty waiver and other regulatory approval from the National Medicines Regulatory Authority (NMRA), frequent changes of the NMRA guidelines without any grace period, technical knowledge gap of employees for R&D, and challenge from generic competitor products from other countries were identified as the major drawbacks in SCM process of pharmaceutical supply chains in Sri Lanka. Further, failure to identify correct raw materials suppliers, issue of Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ), buffer stock maintenance issues, no proper reverse logistics management procedures, shortage of approved vehicles for transportation, finding of trustworthy local packing materials suppliers, forecasting errors, and communication gap or language barrier of employees also slower the effectiveness of supply chains.
Affective Commitment: The Role of Work-life Balance and Organizational Pride (with special reference to XYZ Glove Manufacturing Company in Sri Lanka) 25
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Nadeeshani, M. H. C. S.; Nishanthi, H. M.
For any organization, ensuring the employment of a committed work force is detrimental for their future success. Of which creating an affectively committed employee is even harder. Even though many determinants of affective commitment and work-life balance (WLB) have been extensively researched, the impact of organizational pride on these main variables were not significantly visible especially in the Sri Lankan context. Hence, the major purpose of this study was to identify the impact of WLB on affective commitment by exploring the mediation of organizational pride. The current study is a cross sectional study comprising a sample of 134, junior executive and above level, employees in XYZ Company. The data was gathered using the simple random sampling technique through a standard questionnaire that was distributed via google doc. and paper – pencil surveys. The hypotheses were tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient, linear regression analysis. Findings revealed that WLB has a significant positive impact on affective commitment as well as organizational pride. Further, it was revealed that organizational pride has a significant impact on the affective commitment of junior executive and above level employees in XYZ company. Apart from that, organizational pride partially mediated the relationship between WLB and affective commitment. Hence, it is concluded that organizational pride has a considerable impact on enhancing the relationship between WLB and affective commitment.
Psychological Perspective of Economic Sustainability in the Context of Sri Lankan SMEs: A Conceptual Paper
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Tennakoon, W. D. N. S. M.; Janadari, M. P. N
This paper, in the SME context, proposes a theoretical framework for assessing the Economic Sustainability (ES) of organizations from a psychological lens. In the face of catastrophic events; whether natural or man-made, organizations are expected to bounce back and continue the business under any devastating condition. SMEs, those often labelled to be experiencing high mortality rate in general, find it hard to recover and sustain the business followed by a devastating vent (Wishart, 2018). The process of becoming resilient and subsequently achieving long-term sustainability demands several resources specifically, financial, human, managerial, social capital, networking, competitiveness, and technological. Diverse theoretical models claim different resource bases as drivers of economic sustainability. Nevertheless, as per the researchers’ understanding, Psychological Capital (PsyCap) of businessman/entrepreneur has hardly been recognized as a driver of organizational sustainability whilst its greatest potentiality as an inner driver of individual behaviour (Gaur, 2020, Luthans, Avolio, Avey, & Norman, 2007). Founding on the premises of the seven-level models of human and organizational consciousness; the Barrett’s model of 1998 (Barrett, 2006; Janse, 2018), this study proposes a model in which PsyCap leads to organizational resilience and ES of SMEs. SME dominance is evidenced in almost all the economies; developed, developing, and underdeveloped (Robbins, Pantuosco, Parker, & Fuller, 2000). Hence, the sustainability of SMEs holds a significant impact on the society, by improving the well- being of owners, employees, and local residents (Bansal & DesJardine, 2014; Burch, 2018). Among the principal characteristics that distinguish SMEs from large organizations, uncertainty with respect to business continuity is a key non-size distinction (Storey, 1994; Wedawatta & Ingirige, 2016). While confronting the mounting extreme events/ disasters, many SMEs face the utmost challenges, and often many abandon the business. Resultantly, a greater probability of ceasing trade has been a black spot in the SME literature (Storey, 1994). World statistics evidenced an identical pattern in terms of the SME mortality rate (Filho, Albuquerque, & Nagano, 2017). Divergently, literature (e.g.; Winnard, Adcroft, Lee, & Skipp, 2014; Miemczyk & Luzzini, 2016) suggest that sustainable businesses would remain resilient and even capable of growing the business despite the roadblocks on their way.Organizational Resilience (OR) is simply about how organizations manage uncertainty and is most likely to be achievable provided that they are backed by strong leadership (Lee, Vargo, & Serville, 2013). This entrepreneurial leadership ability of an entrepreneur to lead an enterprise in the course of a disaster is heavily supported by his/her psychological properties (Frese, & Gielnik, 2014). As such, PsyCap of SME owners reserves the greatest power of predicting the resilience and sustainability of their businesses. Barrett’s Seven Level Models of Human and Organizational Consciousness (1998, 2006) stated survival as the prime need of individuals while for organizations, it is financial/economic sustainability (Barrett, 2006, Janse, 2018). In the SME context, where the owner and the business share inseparable existence, the survival needs of the owner extend up to the survival needs of the business: ES. PsyCap of owners thus can be presumed to predict the resilience and the ES of SMEs. In the absence of any conceptualization of sustainability where PsyCap of owners is the exogenous variable, the study will primarily question how the PsyCap of SME owners explain the variations in OR and ES of SMEs. Specifically, the study would explore; how the owner’s PsyCap affects ES, and OR and how OR affect ES. Global communities, including businesses, are increasingly becoming more vulnerable to disasters/extreme events. For instance, recent COVID 19 pandemic paralyzes all the functions of the entire world. SMEs are well-known for their greater probability of business uncertainty whilst their mammoth role in the national economies. The proposed psychological approach towards OR and ES, theoretically is the one that originally projected the PsyCap within the ES frame. Practically, it holds implications for manipulating uprising SME mortality with no/ minimum additional resources, yet utilizing the most commanding inner traits of individuals.
Impact of Mental Health on Workplace Productivity in Sri Lanka: A Literature Review
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Paul, B.; Karunarathne, I.
Mental health or its lack thereof, is becoming a major issue globally. Research has continually shown the adverse effect of the absence of mental health on workplace productivity. Studies show that several million workdays and billions of dollars in employee productivity are lost every year due to the adverse impacts of mental health. Studies also indicate higher incidence of mental health issues among millennials who are becoming a significant portion of the workforce with the progressive exit of Baby Boomers and Gen Xers which points to the fact that mental health is set to increase in importance as an organizational problem. Deficiencies in resilience and emotional intelligence among Millennials and Gen Zers also sees them struggling to cope with stress, leading sometimes to extremes of suicide even among those with high IQ. The stresses caused by downsizing, where employees left behind in companies must do more with less and the challenges of the current work from home regime due to the pandemic are seen to be exacerbating the problem. While the global consensus is that insufficient research has gone into the topic of mental health in the workplace, in Sri Lanka, there is a dearth of literature on the subject, despite mental health conditions being a significant issue with the populace, especially those affected by the ethnic conflict, the 2004 tsunami and evidenced by the high rate of alcohol dependence of Sri Lankan males as well as the high rates of suicide. Mental health however is yet to get onto the agenda of corporates in Sri Lanka with severe stigma attached to the elements of mental health issues without due differentiation from mental illness. The purpose of this paper is to review the existing literature on how mental health impacts on workplace productivity and to study the variables, concepts, and theories relevant to mental health and workplace productivity with an emphasis on the latter as measured by absenteeism and presenteeism.
Impact of Social Media Marketing in Selecting Sri Lanka as a Tourist Destination
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Sarathchandra., A. B. S. P.; Wijesundara, C. B.; Guruge, M. C. B.
Social media provides a platform for the tourism service providers to market their products and services at a lower cost. As tourist arrival to Sri Lanka has been increasing, interested stakeholders have started using social media marketing as a tool to promote Sri Lanka. Since only a limited number of studies have been carried out on the impact of social media marketing on the Sri Lankan tourism industry, this study was carried out to address this research gap. Subsequently, the study examines the impact of social media marketing, social media marketing content and social media marketing characteristics on the decision of travel destinations of tourists arriving in Sri Lanka. After studying many researches that have been carried out in other countries, the conceptual framework was developed based on the available literature. Simple random sampling technique was applied to choose the respondents from the population and an online survey was carried out to collect data using a Google survey questionnaire and SPSS was utilized for data analysis. Based on the results, it was found that information, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and electronic word of mouth has a positive relationship with purchase decision. However, perceived risk shows a negative relationship.
Factors Influencing the Capital Adequacy Ratios of Sri Lankan Banks- A Panel Data Analysis
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Gunawardhana, C. S.; Damayanthi, N. M. M.
Regulations of banking industry are being changed from time to time through the international standards and thereby the regulators. The important aspects of the banking sector regulations started with the introduction of Basel accords which successfully help to face the financial crisis at present and in the future. When introducing such regulations, there were more discussions on the banks’ capital. Even though the capital is more significant factor of a bank, Basel guidelines stressed to maintain higher capital ratios for a bank. Basel I, Basel II, Basel III and discussions for Basel IV, capital is the main target as a resolution factor for any financial crisis. Hence, this paper examines the factors influencing the capital adequacy ratio (CAR) of ten largest domestic commercial banks in Sri Lanka during the period from 2010 to 2019. CAR is an important ratio which protects banks against excess leverage, insolvency and protects them out of difficulty. This study employs ten bank’s specific variable i.e., bank size (BS), Loan to Asset Ratio (LAR), Return on Equity (ROE), Deposit Asset Ratio (DAR), Risk Asset Ratio (RAR), Return on Assets (ROA) and Equity Ratio (EqR) whereas dependent variable is the CAR of domestic licensed banks in Sri Lanka. The results show that many factors affect towards the CAR which is the main factor of absorbing losses in a bank. In this study, linear regression model uses to test the relationship between variables and to test how banks’ specific factors influence on CAR, the research further employees the panel data analysis with fixed effect model. The results from the panel regression revealed that banks’ specific factors such as EqR, RAR, ROE and ROA are influencing factors for the changes of CAR in domestic licensed banks in Sri Lanka. Further, it is required to strengthen the supervisory mechanism of banks by the regulator as these factors are very crucial and affect to maintain financial system stability of the county.
A Review of Literature on Impact of Open Innovation on Firm Performance
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Dilrukshi, M. G. M.; Wickramasinghe, C. N.; Edirisinghe, S. D.
Open innovation and firm performance has been examined by many researchers using various contexts. But there is no comprehensive view on the subject of open innovation. Having a desire to examine current research on open innovation and firm performance, this study provides a better understanding of the theme and re- conceptualise the idea for future research on this topic. A set of papers were selected based on the PRISMA framework for the review during the period 2015 to 2020. Descriptive analysis and literature classification were used to analyze the selected articles. It was identified that some researchers used inbound innovation and outbound innovation as their major dimension of open innovation and various constructs were used as moderating variables. Further, a majority have analysed firm age, firm size, and industry type. Moreover, many researchers have used the survey method as a data collection technique rather than panel data in studies in this area. Some studies noted that open innovation has a negative impact on firm performance and few demonstrated that open innovation has a U-shaped relationship with firm performance. Hence, for future researchers it is necessary to examine the inbound, outbound, and coupled innovation strategies by putting equal weight. Furthermore, future studies need to concern on both financial variables and non-financial variables to measure the performance. It is essential to use moderating variables in future studies and it will strengthen the findings. Moreover, it is required to consider control variables than firm age, firm size, and industry type. Due to the contradictory findings on the area, its need to do more investigations on open innovation and firm performance and this review produces knowledge for both managers and policy makers to perform their role effectively. These findings are important for future researchers to identify the key areas that need to be investigated in the field of open innovation.
A Conceptual Review on Motivations of Consumers towards Co- Creation related to New Product Development
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Guruge, M. C. B
Active consumer engagement in the new product development stage has gained the spotlight due its ability to drill down the consumers’ needs and design market offerings, which satisfy the consumers. Hence, the consumer’s role has changed to a “prosumer” by combining the role of the producer as well as the consumer. In light of this, the concept of co-creation has evolved and subsequently gained attention of the researchers. However, it is questionable why consumers are simulated to engage in co-creation. This paper therefore is intended to provide a critical evaluation of literature on the motivational factors towards the consumer engagement in co-creation during the new product development stage. A rigorous literature review is carried out by choosing both conceptual and empirical papers mostly published after 2005 in reputed journals in order to critically evaluate the motivational factors discussed by many authors. Based on the content analysis consumer related factors as well as firm related factors are identified as the motivators of consumers towards engaging in co-creation. Subsequently, customer related motivators are financial rewards, social benefits, technological factors, hedonic factors and altruistic factors, which can be divided as explicit and implicit factors based on the visibility and explicit nature. Nevertheless, invitation from the company and ethics of the company are identified as the firm related motivators. Summarizing all these factors a model is presented to extend the research into a conceptual domain
Overcome from the Shadow: Literature Review of Engagement in Digital Payment on SME Lending in Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Chanuka, S.; Wickramasinghe, C. N.; Liyanage, S. R.
Sri Lanka’s digital payments have experienced an explosive growth during the last five years. Introduction of new financial services channels, progress of information technology, initiatives by the Central Bank, influx of investments by private individuals and accommodative regulations for digital payments jointly has enabled the country to achieve an explosive development in this sector. This growth has opened up new avenues for SME merchants and their stakeholders in terms of payment acceptance and building better relationships with formal financial institutions based on the historical publications published by various researchers. This paper discusses the role of digital payments industry and mega data analysis in financial services, with an emphasis on SME lending based on the parameters defined by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka. Furthermore, this concept paper highlights the impact of digital payments on the informal financial sector.