ICBI 2020

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/22886

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Affective Commitment: The Role of Work-life Balance and Organizational Pride (with special reference to XYZ Glove Manufacturing Company in Sri Lanka) 25
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Nadeeshani, M. H. C. S.; Nishanthi, H. M.
For any organization, ensuring the employment of a committed work force is detrimental for their future success. Of which creating an affectively committed employee is even harder. Even though many determinants of affective commitment and work-life balance (WLB) have been extensively researched, the impact of organizational pride on these main variables were not significantly visible especially in the Sri Lankan context. Hence, the major purpose of this study was to identify the impact of WLB on affective commitment by exploring the mediation of organizational pride. The current study is a cross sectional study comprising a sample of 134, junior executive and above level, employees in XYZ Company. The data was gathered using the simple random sampling technique through a standard questionnaire that was distributed via google doc. and paper – pencil surveys. The hypotheses were tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient, linear regression analysis. Findings revealed that WLB has a significant positive impact on affective commitment as well as organizational pride. Further, it was revealed that organizational pride has a significant impact on the affective commitment of junior executive and above level employees in XYZ company. Apart from that, organizational pride partially mediated the relationship between WLB and affective commitment. Hence, it is concluded that organizational pride has a considerable impact on enhancing the relationship between WLB and affective commitment.
Antecedents of Customer Adoption on Internet Banking Facilities with Special Reference to Local Financial Institutes in Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Madusanka, K. A. E.; Wanninayake, W. M. C. B
Money related advancement and innovation transformation have permitted the improvements of new and increasingly proficient conveyance and preparing channels just as progressively imaginative items and administrations in the banking industry. Banking establishments are confronting rivalry from one another as well as from non- bank money related go-betweens just as from elective wellsprings of financing. In the last decade, the banking division has seen a significant change inferable from the adjustments in the worldwide money related condition. Even though the financial industry seriously acquainted new innovative stage with their clients to more accommodation exchange process. Primary objective behind this examination is recognized and study the antecedents which influence client web banking adoption in Sri Lankan internet banking users. At the point when studying the previous examinations there are no understandings of past researchers for the forerunners of web banking and further, there are no adequate confirmations in that field in Sri Lankan setting. The researcher has selected the “Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)” to investigate the study and it is one of the most broadly utilized models to clarify client acknowledgment conduct. Subsequently, this assessment utilized a quantitative approach to lead the examination and according to the past researches which resembles this investigation, this examination will be picked quantitative technique. The quantitative technique was more helpful to explore the examination and data assembled by a total study offer to a picked normal system of exploration as opposed to control the customary procedure. Along these lines, this investigation was driven by a low researcher deterrent through field diagrams. In this examination, the authority has assembled data from particular people concerning the critical components when using web banking. Individually data gathering is more significant than the online information assortment techniques. Henceforth analysts were gathered information from the examiner strategy gathering data through the field overview.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Marketing Mix: A Conceptual Review
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Nanayakkara, N. W. O. K. D. S. P.
Integration of technology into the business context is one of the centuries old marvel, where the difference is defined in terms of innovations and processes improvements. In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has turned out to be an emerging trend in diverse fields: business, education, science, medicine and automotive. AI has also been integrated into marketing and such integrations have become a fast-growing trend which guarantees the competitive advantage in the business context. In order to execute AI in marketing strategy, companies have redefined their marketing mix with AI. Empirical studies are found explaining how AI leverage the marketing mix with the presence of extensive data by encouraging business intelligence decision making related to future business processes, consumer behavior, and market trends which leads to promote decision making, which creates businesses a competitive edge over its rivals. Alongside, this paper attempts to appreciate the application of AI, embedded technologies and automation in aiding the 4Ps of marketing. The literature review was carried out addressing the key sub insights associated with marketing and AI. Journal articles have been reviewed as the main source of information to structure the contents with empirical justifications. Lastly, the paper deliberates how embracement of AI, results in designing marketing mix and the author attempts to explain the future potential implications of AI with regard to the 4Ps.
Assessment of the State of Quality in garments applying Data mining mechanisms: A Case Study in the Apparel Industry
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Basnayake, B. R. P. M.; Hewaarachchi, A. P.; Chandrasekara, N. V
Forecasting the quality of sewed garments is an important area in the apparel industry. This paper consists of a case study relevant to a high-ranking apparel manufacturing plant in Sri Lanka. Quality is measured using the First Time Through (FTT) state which is a measure of production competence and capacity. The factory capacity is to afford the FTT 98% or above as a high state category. The low state is consisted of FTT of less than 98%. Recently Data mining methods are used to extract insights from data and to make fast decisions. The main objective of the study is to identify the better model to predict the FTT state with data mining mechanisms. Classification tree and Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) models were used to forecast the FTT state with the under-sampling method due to the matter of class imbalance in the original dataset. True positive (TP), False-positive (FP), precision, recall, accuracy and F-measure were used as the performance measurements. FP rate was zero and precision was one in the classification tree. While the FP rate was 0.0649 and precision was 0.9348 in the PNN model. Both models had a high F-measure value of 0.9745 and 0.9287 respectively. Therefore, two models can be used in prediction with better performance measurements. Outcomes of the study will help to find out the optimum allocation of a style to a relevant team to achieve the highest FTT state, to recognize the training requirements of the employees and to improve the satisfaction of the customer.
Awareness of Sustainability and its Impact on Gaining Sustainable Competitive Advantage
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Perera, K. D. I. M.; Fazana, S. F
Awareness of sustainability and compliance with the sustainability requirements in volatile business environments are important with the increasing concern of customers and legislations. Being one of the most competitive yet the most pollutant contributing industry gaining sustainable competitive advantage with reasonable awareness of sustainability remains questionable. This study aims to identify the impact of awareness of economic, environmental, and social sustainability on gaining sustainable competitive advantage in the food industry.
Brand Romance; An Upright Predictor of Brand Loyalty in Mobile Phone Market, based on University Academics in Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Bandara, K. B. U. T. K
Today, the fast-growing mobile phone industry necessitates marketers to develop strong customer-brand relationships in order to maintain a loyal customer base and prevent them from switching to other competitive brands in the market. In such a context; the concept of ‘Brand Romance’ is imperative for marketers to uplift brand attitude and brand loyalty of consumers. So, the main objective of this research is to investigate the impact of brand romance on brand loyalty in the mobile phone market, with a special reference to University Academics of Sri Lanka. Indeed, this is a cross sectional study with a deductive approach, supported by three dimensions of brand romance namely brand pleasure, brand arousal and brand dominance, introduced by Patwardhan & Balasubramanian, (2011). A sample of 200 Academics was selected using simple random sampling and data was collected using structured questionnaire, administered via emails. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics revealed that the sample respondents exhibit a moderate level of brand loyalty as well as moderate levels of all the three dimensions of brand romance towards the currently using mobile phone brand. Further, results of regression analysis revealed that there is a significant impact of brand pleasure (p<0.05), arousal (p<0.05) and dominance (p<0.05) on brand loyalty. Therefore, it is recommended for the marketers to develop strategies fostering brand romance in order to develop a loyal customer base with the brand for the long run.
Changing Gender Stereotypes: A Survey on Definitions and Dimensions
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Priyashantha, K. G.; De Alwis, A. C.; Welmilla, I.
Changing gender stereotypes has been a hot topic among researchers on gender studies since the 1970s. Researchers have considered this concept and tested it in different studies with other variables in various contexts in the world. Anyone who is interested in studying the changing gender stereotypes may require the definitions given and dimensions used by the researchers in this area. Therefore, the main purpose of doing this study is to synthesize the definitions and dimensions on this area and which will make some implications for future researchers. To materialize the purpose of the study, a literature survey was conducted by considering research work published in the past 20 years using the archival method. For that, famous research databases were accessed. Survey results found a common definition for changing gender stereotypes which is believed to be applicable to any society in the world. When it comes to the dimensions used, researchers operationalized the concept using various dimensions where the most commonly used dimensions have been masculinity and femininity. Based on these two dimensions, researchers have used various aspects to cover these dimensions.
A Conceptual Framework of Entrepreneurship Ecosystem for New Venture Creation
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Mahathevan, V.; Wanninayake, W. M. C. B
Today it is evidenced that entrepreneurship acts as an engine of sustainable economic development, and entrepreneurs are driving the movement through their endeavours by creating new jobs and wealth. Thus, it becomes significant that all stakeholders exclusively understand how to foster entrepreneurship and enable entrepreneurs to thrive in their endeavours more comfortably. Recently as a promising solution, a new concept of entrepreneurship ecosystem has emerged as a holistic systemic approach towards endorsing productive entrepreneurship through empowering entrepreneurs towards new venture creation and growth. However, the concept is undertheorized, and literature is scarce and fragmented. Today, it becomes important to exclusively investigate, analyse and identify the success factors of an entrepreneurship ecosystem that enables another multidimensional phenomenon of successful new venture creation. Therefore, the proposed conceptual framework extends the current theoretical and managerial perspective by incorporating multiple concepts towards examining the relationship of an entrepreneurship ecosystem towards successful new venture creation with the founder’s individual entrepreneurial orientation as the moderator. This analysis will provide a holistic view of both external and internal dynamics towards successful new venture creation in the country. The research reflects the philosophy of positivism and follows the deductive approach through the exploratory research design with the survey strategy via an online questionnaire. The sample frame is the Sri Lankan entrepreneurs who have successfully created new ventures and both financial and non-financial criteria are adopted for the selection. The validated model will enlighten all the stakeholders for developing strategies towards building a vibrant sustainable entrepreneurship ecosystem.
Conceptual Review on Digital Transformation of Higher Education
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Udovita, P. V. M. V. D.
With the increased impact of digital disruption in all the industries, today, the concept of digital transformation has gone beyond a mere technological shift emerged and has become an important aspect of business. Among many other different industries which are highly influenced by digital transformation and digital disruption, higher education has become one of the foremost sectors influenced by digitalization and currently has undergone rapid and diverse changes in the industry environment. Alongside, in order to achieve a successful digital transformation as well as to provide a better learning experience to the learner, this paper attempted to investigate the concept of digital transformation and provide a holistic view on digital transformation, as well as propose a framework in dimensions of digital transformation in higher education. It has followed comprehensive literature review as the main research tool and the paper is framed as a concept paper with the discussion on empirical insights. Finally, it concludes the paper with some research directions and priorities for the future studies.
A Conceptual Review on Motivations of Consumers towards Co- Creation related to New Product Development
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Guruge, M. C. B
Active consumer engagement in the new product development stage has gained the spotlight due its ability to drill down the consumers’ needs and design market offerings, which satisfy the consumers. Hence, the consumer’s role has changed to a “prosumer” by combining the role of the producer as well as the consumer. In light of this, the concept of co-creation has evolved and subsequently gained attention of the researchers. However, it is questionable why consumers are simulated to engage in co-creation. This paper therefore is intended to provide a critical evaluation of literature on the motivational factors towards the consumer engagement in co-creation during the new product development stage. A rigorous literature review is carried out by choosing both conceptual and empirical papers mostly published after 2005 in reputed journals in order to critically evaluate the motivational factors discussed by many authors. Based on the content analysis consumer related factors as well as firm related factors are identified as the motivators of consumers towards engaging in co-creation. Subsequently, customer related motivators are financial rewards, social benefits, technological factors, hedonic factors and altruistic factors, which can be divided as explicit and implicit factors based on the visibility and explicit nature. Nevertheless, invitation from the company and ethics of the company are identified as the firm related motivators. Summarizing all these factors a model is presented to extend the research into a conceptual domain
The Correspondence between Service Quality Dimensions and Customer Perception during COVID 19 outbreak - An Analysis Across Public and Private Sector Banks in India and Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Kurian, S.; Ramanathan, H. N.; De Alwis, C.; De Alwis, A. H. M.; Thomas, B. A.
The Novel Corona virus (COVID19) has forced a slow down across the global economy, and nations have come to a standstill due to the complete lockdown enforced by governments in most parts of the world. The banks may help to slow down the spread of the virus by rethinking of ways to meet the customers’ needs in the time of crisis through remote as well as existing channels. The purpose of the paper is to map the customer perception on various service quality dimensions viz., tangibles, reliability, assurance, responsiveness and empathy of the private as well as the public sector banks across India and Sri Lanka during the COVID19 pandemic. The respondents were interviewed in person and also contacted through Google forms to collect the data for the study. The results indicate that customers perceived the services offered by public sector banks to be distinctly different from those offered by private sector banks. This was true for both India and Sri Lanka. The study reiterates the need for these banks to closely monitor the services offered to customers in order to continue enjoying the customer loyalties as well as benefits of competitive positioning of their financial services.
Determinants of Attracting Public Private Partnership as a Financial Strategy to Develop Power Generation Infrastructures in Sri Lanka: A Concept Paper
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Fernando, S. N.; Nanayakkara, K. G. M
Public Private Partnership (PPP) has been recognized as an investment strategy to develop power generation infrastructure as per Sri Lanka Electricity Act No 20 of 2009. It is observed that no power plant brought by Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) after 2014 and in turn the economy is undergoing a deficit of power. The existing literature and related theories such as the theory of project finance and theory of value for money (VFM) have not provided answers for why PPPs are not flowing to the CEB, the monopolist of power generation in Sri Lanka. Hence, it is vital to explore the factors which influence attracting PPP for CEB to develop power generation infrastructures. Thus, this paper proposes a model for CEB to identify the critical success factors of attracting PPP as a financial strategy to develop power generation infrastructures. This study will employ a qualitative research approach, particularly the case study method under grounded theory followed by a literature review. One to one interview will be used as the main data collection method. The results of the study will add new empirical findings to the academic literature in respect to the power sector of Sri Lanka and further will inform future research into PPP as a financial strategy to attract investments through generation of a conceptual model. Moreover, results shall assist CEB and policy makers to bring power generation infrastructure as planned by making PPP more attractive to private investors.
The Determinants that Affect the Disposition Bias of Individual Investors in Sri Lankan Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE)
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Buddhika., J. R., H
Traditional Finance theory presumed that equity market participants take decisions based on rational platforms. However, recent market incidents witnessed investors’ decision- making process is fueled with irrational investor behaviors. Disposition bias is a dominated and significant bias which investors are more prone to sell the winning stock and tend to hold on to the loss-making stocks. Numerous studies can be identified in disposition bias literature in developed markets in European zone. There are limited number of studies that can be found in line to Sri Lankan context. This study tries to give a victories answer for the research questions “The relationship of determinants towards the disposition bias in individual investors in Sri Lankan stock exchange?” and “what is the magnitude and direction of the relationship between disposition bias and its determinants”. The study is significant mainly on Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) market serve as a key catalyst in the country’s growth story. The CSE was ranked as the second-best performing equity market according to Bloomberg and the best performing exchange according to the world federation of Exchanges. There is a momentum need to continue for better performance and economic development. The irrational behaviors affect for the above said momentum and the study gives a comprehensive analysis on the causes of disposition bias which can be used to reduce the biases in future time. This study reflects investors in CSE purely look at the individual psychological aspect and their influence towards the investment decision making in CSE.
Does the Impact of Firm Performance Vary Owing to Changing Compensation Figures: Evidence from India
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Rath, C.; Deo, M.
The compensation paid to the top-level executives in the Indian corporate sector has led to a spotlight debate in recent years owing to its visible disparity when compared to the average pay of employees. Meanwhile, the current global scenario demands the firms to address issues related to the environmental, social and governance aspects for the well-being of the community at large. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact and sensitivity of performance indicators across different compensation levels of large as well as socially responsible companies or ESG firms, post implementation of Companies Act 2013 legislation in India. Taking NSE Nifty 100 ESG Index as the data sample, a panel of 69 firms for the period of 2014-2019 has been analyzed using the conventional panel regression model initially, followed by Two-step System GMM and the QRPD (Quantile Regression for Panel Data) Model after sample splits. Both past pay (lagged compensation) as well as current accounting-based measures of firm performance dominate the market-based measures with respect to it’s impact on remuneration drawn by the executives. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this empirical paper is first in India to shed light on the impact of firm performance on remuneration paid with respect to ESG firms.
Dominant Ideologies and Their Interplay in Modern Corporations: A Human Capital Perspective
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Senevirathne, S. M. A. G
Ideology is a contradictory and competing fundamental premise in many disciplines. However, it is a critical and vital element in managing modern corporations. Nonetheless, it has been overlooked in the management domain for many decades, despite its criticality on corporates with special reference to understanding and explaining conduct and consequences of corporate human capital. The problem of establishing a consensus on the definition of ideology in general and especially reference to management was noted due to the highly ideological nature of the concept itself and its dynamic nature of application under complex corporate context. This study explored and examined dominant ideology types related to modern corporate human capital and critically reflected their interplay and repercussions in modern corporates. Further, the study reviewed how ideology emerged and developed in different perspectives related to major human capital groups within a corporate and their conflicting nature related to corporate management. The study adopted a qualitative critical analysis approach to describe and prescribe the ideological interplay and its resultant outcomes. Findings revealed there are four dominant yet interdependent ideologies in modern corporations namely; corporate ideology, leadership ideology, managerial ideology, and employee ideology and how present and future of a corporate destiny greatly depend on the resultant outcome of the interplay of the said dominant ideologies. Moreover, the study explained how modern corporations advance social class structure within corporations through the production and reproduction of dominant ideologies and their interplay. Similarly, how modern management norms such as human “resource” and human “capital” are used to camouflage corporate domination and exploitation of corporate subjects to hail the modern corporate capitalism.
Effect of Facilitating Conditions on Intentions and Actions Towards Digital Banking Adoption: A Multivariate Analysis
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Nayanajith, D. A. G; Dissanayake, D. M. R.; Weerasiri, R. A. S
Organizational infrastructure consisting of institutional structure, practices, processes and technical infrastructure which encompasses physical IT assets, operating systems & firmware, data storage, and security related to IT infrastructure significantly affect acceptance of innovative digital technology by the customers. In this context, present research examines the significance of facilitating conditions towards intentions and actions of digital banking adoption in the context of Sri Lankan commercial banks. Sample was drawn from the students of University of Kelaniya, who possess digital banking facilities. Duly completed questionnaires totaling to 268 were considered for data analysis. Unified theory and theory of reasoned action have been adopted and dimensions of the variables were measured by five-point likert scale. MANOVA, ANOVA with contrast tests and discriminant function analysis were also used as analysis tools. Empirical evidence supported the hypotheses indicating the significance of facilitating conditions whilst specifying the importance of organizational infrastructure, in particular. Restrained sample selection and using only a quantitative method were limitations of the present study. Nevertheless, findings of the research would be beneficial in uplifting the status of digital banking adoption in Sri Lanka amidst the prevalence of COVID-19 pandemic which hindered the growth of the entire banking sector. Multivariate analysis and incorporation of related models/variables would contribute towards originality of the study. Similarly, future research could be performed in different contexts by integrating interrelated models and variables seeking novel findings.
The Effect of Fear Appeals Embedded in Cigarette Packaging on Smokers Quitting Behavior with Moderating Effect of Social Norms- A Literature Review
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Chaaminda, W. D. J. P.; Wanninayake, W. M. C. B
This review paper aims to explore the level of fear experienced by the Tobacco users via fear appeals embedded in the cigarette packaging to change their behaviors towards quitting smoking. Fear is an emotional feeling that safeguards us against danger and a motivational stimulation leading us away from danger. Fear appeals in advertising create consideration and ‘‘scare’’ receivers to change their attitudes or behavior and are the same normally used as an urging technique. Tobacco usage and smoking has become a broadly spread problem in Sri Lanka. Additionally, the relationship between smoking and lung cancer has become very obvious. In contrast, 45.7% of male, 5.3 % of females and 25.8 % totally are existing users of tobacco, in any form in the present context. Moreover, 29.4% of men, 0.1% of women, as well as 15.0% overall were current smokers of tobacco. 26.0 % of men, 5.3 % of women, and 15.8 % overall were current users of smokeless tobacco within Sri Lanka. Primary data for the study will be collected via a well-structured formal questionnaire based on Likert Scale. The sample considered will be 310 respondents aged 18 to 40 representing several districts in Sri Lanka. Data will be analyzed through Amos. MS Excel will be used for graphical presentations. As a solution for the issues of tobacco usage, numerous health researchers and experts consider the application of graphic warning labels on cigarette packages as a revolution in anti-smoking communication efforts. This study will forecast that smokers' intentions to quit smoking will upsurge on graphical pictorial warning.
Effect of Road Traffic Congestion on Stress at Work: Evidence from the Employees Working in Metropolitan Areas of Colombo, Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Weerasinghe, T. D.; Karunarathna, D. I. M.; Subashini, B. L. C.
Though the conventional concept of ‘work stress’, its causes and consequences have been adequately discussed in the extant literature, a very little attention has been given to study the ‘stress at work’; especially, the employees’ stress at work which arise due to the experience in traffic congestion. Hence, bridging that lacuna in the literature, and re-constructing the two variables, the current study was initiated to assess the effect of experience in traffic congestion on employees’ stress at work. Predominantly adopting the hypothetico-deductive approach, this study was conducted among a sample of 420 individual employees prone to traffic congestion in metropolitan areas in Colombo. Purposive convenience sampling was used to select the sample whereas the Hair method was used to determine the sample size. Primary data were collected by adopting standard measurement scales via an online questionnaire survey. Data analysis was done with the aid of SPSS and Excel by employing Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and the multivariate techniques of hypotheses testing. Building on the findings of this study, it is concluded to be considered that the experience in traffic congestion as a significant predictor of employees’ stress at work. Therefore, it is recommended for individual employees who are risked at the frequent road traffic congestion to mindfully develop the awareness of, and the readiness for traffic congestion and appropriate coping skills. Further, it is recommended for employers to provide an adequate amount of opportunities for such employees to relax at work.
The Effect of Supportive Work Environment on Employee Commitment- Mediating Role of Employee Engagement in Apparel Industry in Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Jayasinghe, W. G. N. M.; Thavakumar, D.
Supportive work environment develops an atmosphere to attract and retain a talented and motivated workforce to an organization. It further improves the commitment and dedication of employees towards more work. As a key player of the Sri Lankan economy and the second largest foreign exchange earner to the country, apparel industry requires to consider to keep such a workforce by creating a supportive work environment. In Sri Lankan context, few empirical studies are available which were addressed on the work environment in the apparel sector. The existing empirical knowledge gap concentrates on giving attention on this aspect. Therefore, the objectives of this study were as to analyze the relationships among the supportive work environment, employee engagement, employee commitment and explore the mediating role of employee engagement in the effects of supportive work environment on employee commitment of selected apparel firms in Sri Lanka. To achieve these objectives, data were collected from 203 machine operators of the selected two apparel companies using structured questionnaire. The sample was chosen through Stratified Random sampling technique. Stratified sampling is where the population is divided into sub groups (strata) and a random sample is taken from each subgroup. Researcher was chosen machine operators based on the company size from the whole population. In this case, subgroup was grounded on company size. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis. In this study, supportive work environment is the independent variable, employee commitment is the dependent variable and employee engagement is the mediating variable. The results indicated that significant positive relationships exist between independent, dependent and mediating variables and complementary partial mediation effect of employee engagement in the effects of supportive work environment on employee commitment. As a result of this study, Managers of Apparel companies must give their attention for combination of supportive work environment and employee engagement to increase level of employee commitment. This study only covered two firms in Nuwaraeliya Apparel Industry. So in future scope will be expanding beyond the research area, it will be effective and useful.
Empirical Analysis of the Technological Human Capital, for Exogenous Solow Economic Growth
(Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Ramanayake, K. D.
This study explains human capital (Technological Labor) and technological intervention in the Solow model and its descendants. This study illustrates one of the major applications of the Solow model, an expose that incorporates human capital, moreover it explains the role of human capital and technological adaptation using the empirical evidence of human capital and economic growth in the world. This study is based on a secondary data method while secondary data is also taken for the analysis and reports. This means that both quantitative and qualitative methods are meaningfully integrated and present in the discussion. Under results of this study, empirical evidence shows that the human capital and the physical capital are the key factors of the productivity growth in the world. Therefore, the average investment rates in the five richest countries are only 2.9 times larger than the average investment rates in the five poorest countries. Moreover, education or years of schooling has contributed to the higher rate of investment. Because of that, the average educational attainment in the five richest countries is about 8.1 years greater than the average educational attainment in the five poorest countries. Finally, Human Capital in Solow Model affects the economic and technological aspects in cross country differences. It is important to understand which of these proximate cases are significant for economic growth performances. Therefore, if a country’s human capital and technology usage is higher, that results in improving its GDP growth.